Eligibility to issue C form

Q. Whether C form can be issued for the purchase of DEPB during 2009-10, 2010-11 and 2011-12 when the same are not resold and utilised for the import of raw materials used in manufacturing of goods for sale.

Facts: During the above years DEPB was taxable goods taxed @ 4% under entry 39 of Schedule C appended to MVAT Act, 2002.

There are several Companies who had purchased DEPB in market in those years and issued C form and paid 2% CST and did not resell the DEPB, but utilised the same for the import of goods viz.raw materials, which have been used by them in the manufacture of other goods and manufactured goods are sold and VAT on the same is paid. Most of the assessments are over accepting the transactions.

Now the investigation wing has issued notice in Form 215 alleging that there is misuse of C form and according to them DEPB is not directly used in manufacture and to that extent there is misuse of C form and proposal is to levy penalty u/s. 10(d) of the CST Act, 1956.

Apart from the submissions made by the Companies submitting that the DEPB is goods and the same is forming a part of purchase price paid for the import of raw materials and hence there is no contravention.

Besides this we relied on very old judgments of Apex Court viz. J. K. Spg. & Weaving Mills Ltd. reported in (1965)- of STC P-563 (SC) and also submitted a copy of recent Delhi High Court judgments (copy of the same submitted).

The learned Counsel is requested to opine “whether our contention raised are in order and what are chances in Appeal”.

Reply

The issue involved is required to be seen in the light of provisions of CST Act, 1956. As per section 8(3), C form can be used for various purposes as mentioned in the said section. Section 8(3) is reproduced below for ready reference.

“8. Rates of tax on sales in the course of inter-State trade or commerce.

(3) The goods referred to in clause (b) of sub-section (1) –

(a) Omitted

(b) Are goods of the class or classes specified in the certificate of registration of the registered dealer purchasing the goods as being intended for resale by him or subject to any rules made by the Central Government in this behalf, for use by him in the manufacture or processing of goods for sale or [1] [in telecommunications network or] in mining or in generation or distribution of electricity or any other form of power.

(c) Are containers or other materials specified in the certificate of registration of the registered dealer purchasing the goods, being containers or materials intended for being used for the packing of goods for sale;

(d) Are containers or other materials used for the packing of any goods or classes of goods specified in the certificate of registration referred to in clause (b) or for the packing of any containers or other materials specified in the certificate of registration referred to in clause (c)….”

It can be seen that the C form can be issued for various purposes mentioned above like use in manufacturing of goods for sale, resale, packing or generation of electricity and mining etc.

In the given facts, your purchases against C form of DEPB can be eligible if it can be satisfied that they are used in manufacturing of goods for sale.

DEPB is separate commodity. It is used for clearing of imported goods. The said item can be said to be consumed in clearing of such import. Clearing of imported goods cannot be considered as manufacturing by itself. It is true that the raw materials so cleared are used for manufacturing of goods for sale. However, this is subsequent event, post consumption of DEPB. Therefore it will be difficult to sustain that it is used in manufacturing.

You have referred to judgment in case of J. K. Spg. & Weaving Mills Ltd. reported in (1965) – of STC P-563 (SC). The said judgment speaks about eligibility of using C form, if the purchases to be made are integrally connected with the manufacturing process. Since, DEPB are not directly in manufacturing process, it will be difficult to maintain that they are integrally connected with the manufacturing process.

You have cited judgment in case of Jagriti Plastics Ltd. v. Commissioner of Trade & Taxes (2015) 62 Taxamann.com 62 (Delhi). In this case the facts are different. The issue was regarding ITC under Local VAT Act. Short facts narrated in the article attached with the query are reproduced below to understand the facts and legal position.

“3.3) As per the provisions of Sec. 9 of the DVAT Act, input tax credit is available in respect of the turnover of purchases occurring during the tax period where the purchase arises in the course of his activities as a dealer and the goods are to be used by him directly or indirectly for the purpose of making the sales liable to tax. Thus only condition for claiming input tax credit is whether the goods purchased are “used” by the dealer directly or indirectly for making the sale. Hon. High Court held that there could be no doubt that the price of the goods imported has an element of customs duty paid on such goods. The component of customs duty is reduced to the extent of the usage by the appellant of the DEPB scrips. The reduced customs duty is embedded in the resale price of the imported goods. Thus, the use of the DEPB scrips is for the purpose of the appellant selling the imported goods. ‘Usage’ in this context has to be seen as the use that affects the price of the goods although it may not be used tangible in the goods themselves. There is no warrant to limit the understanding of the word ‘use’ to an actual direct tangible or physical use in the imported goods. Thus words ‘used’ cannot be construed to mean only actual use. If any goods like DEPB have an impact on price of finished product, it is also regarded as ‘use’ for the purpose of claiming input tax credit.”

It can be seen that even indirect use was also eligible for ITC and it appears that based on said provision the issue is resolved by Hon. Delhi High Court in favour of dealer. However, this analogy may not apply under CST Act, in light of above restricted eligibility as per Section 8(3) of CST Act.

Reference can also be made to the earlier judgments under BST era. Under BST Act, purchase tax was attracted on DEPB and dealers tired to claim set-off on the same under Rule 42I as used in manufacturing. Tribunal has negatived the said contention saying that DEPB cannot be considered as used in manufacturing. Readily reference can be made to the judgment in case of Impex Diamonds (S.A.1361 of 1998 dated 18-11-2000).

Therefore, there appears to be remote possibility to contend that the DEPB used for import of goods is used in manufacturing.

However, the issue is about levy of penalty. In our opinion, this is not a case for penalty. Penalty can be attracted, if there is conscious disregard of the legal position. Here two views are possible. Also the claim was under bona fide belief and cannot be said with mala fide intention. The assessing authority has also allowed such use, shows that there was acceptance of view about eligibility to issue C form. Therefore, no penalty can be attracted on the facts. There are number of judgments which support the above view like Hindustan Steel Ltd. (25 STC 211)(SC). About nature of penalty in fiscal laws, Hon’ble Supreme Court has observed as under:

“Under the Act penalty may be imposed for failure to register as a dealer: section 9(1) r/w section 25(1)(a) of the Act. But the liability to pay penalty does not arise merely upon proof of default in registering as a dealer. An order imposing penalty for failure to carry out a statutory obligation is the result of a quasi-criminal proceeding, and penalty will not ordinarily be imposed unless the party obliged either acted deliberately in defiance of law or was guilty of conduct contumacious or dishonest, or acted in conscious disregard of its obligation. Penalty will not also be imposed merely because it is lawful to do so. Whether penalty should be imposed for failure to perform a statutory obligation is a matter of discretion of the authority to be exercised judicially and on a consideration of all the relevant circumstances. Even if a minimum penalty is prescribed, the authority competent to impose the penalty will be justified in refusing to impose penalty, when there is a technical or venial breach of the provisions of the Act or where the breach flows from a bona fide belief that the offender is not liable to the act in the manner prescribed by the statute. Those in charge of the affairs of the company in failing to register the company as a dealer acted in the honest and genuine belief that the company was not a dealer. Granting that they erred, no case for imposing penalty was made out.”

Therefore, in light of ratio laid down by Hon. Supreme Court, the penalty cannot be attracted.

C. B. Thakar
Advocate

TDS

Query No. 1 (u/s. 195)

On sale of ancestral property by NRI at what rate TDS to be deducted by the purchaser?

Answer

The purchaser has to deduct tax if NRI’s income is chargeable under the Act. The Supreme Court in G.E. India Technology Centre P. Ltd. v. CIT [327 ITR 456 (SC) has held that:

“The most important expression in section 195(1) of the Income-tax Act, 1961, dealing with deduction of tax at source consists of the word “chargeable under the provisions of the Act.” A person paying interest or any other sum to a non-resident is not liable to deduct tax if such sum is not chargeable to tax under the Act. Section 195 contemplates not merely amounts, the whole of which are pure income payments, which have an element of income embedded or incorporated in them. The obligation to deduct tax at source is, however, limited to appropriate proportion of income chargeable under the Act forming part of the gross sum of money payable to the non-resident. It is for this reason that the CBDT has clarified in Circular No. 728 dated October 31, 1995 that the tax deductor can take into consideration the effect of the DTAA in respect of payments of royalties and technical fees while deducting tax at source.”

Be that as it may, if income of non-resident is chargeable in India, the purchaser has to deduct the tax @ 20% being rate in force, as per section 112 of the Act.

Income tax

Query No. 2 (exemption u/s. 54)

‘A’ has two residential house (let out) in Mumbai and one residential house (self occupation) in Chennai. Now ‘A’ wants to purchase one residential house in Chennai, out of sale proceeds of one houses in Mumbai out of two residential houses. Whether ‘A’ will get section 54 exemption or not?

Answer

It is not clear from the fact, whether the ‘A’ wants to dispose of the Chennai’s residential house and one house of Bombay and then buy one house in Chennai? If yes, ‘A’ is entitled to get the benefit of section 54.

If not then, ‘A’ is not entitle to get benefit even under section 54F, as on the date of purchase of new asset, he owns more than one residential house, irrespective of whether self-occupied or rented.

Query No. 3

Assessee falls under the definition of “eligible assessee” as provided in Explanation (a) to section 44AD. His turnover is not exceeding one crore rupees (taking into consideration positive & negative figures). Assessee maintains regular books of account. Assessee has incurred speculation loss of
Rs. 5,00,000/- on share trading, which he wants to carry forward and assessee has incurred business loss of
Rs. 3,00,000/- in an eligible transaction in respect of trading in derivatives as provided in section 43(5)(d) & (e), which he wants to set-off against income from other sources. In this connection assessee has the following question,

(i) Will speculation business & business carried out in eligible transaction in respect of trading in derivatives as provided in section 43(5)(d) & (e) be treated as “eligible business” as provided in Explanation (b) to section 44AD.

(ii) If yes, will it be necessary to carry out Audit u/s. 44AD to carry forward speculation loss & set-off business loss in the case of above facts?

Answer

As per Explanation 2 of section 28 of the Act, the speculative business is distinct from any other business. So speculation business is a separate business from eligible transaction as defined in Explanation 2 to section 43(5).

Further, from the fact, it is clear that an assessee is “eligible assessee” and therefore if he is carrying on “eligible business” as defined in Explanation (b) to the section 44AD and his turnover is less than rupees one crore then he can claim benefit of section 44AD.

If he does not show the profit of 8% of the gross turnover or receipt then he is required to keep books of account and get them audited if he has income chargeable to tax.

In this case, a loss from speculation business, can be carried forward for four years and can set-off only against profits of speculation business.

In case of loss, though assessee may maintain the books of account, he need not get them audited, as income is not chargeable to tax. However, if he wants to claim carry forward of loss, he has to file the return of income before the due date as mentioned in section 139(1) r. w. s. 80 of the Act.

Query No. 4 (Interest on deposit of EPF Trust)

The Bank is paying 8% interest on the deposit of EPF Trust and they are deducting tax from this amount. Kindly inform whether any exemption is allowed?

Answer

Interest earned by Employees Provident Fund is not liable to tax under section 10(25) of the Act, if it is recognized provident fund. Therefore, whatever TDS made by the bank, EPF trust has to claim refund.

Query No. 5

Whether company secretaries are entitled to appear before ITAT? If yes under which provision / rule /case laws?

Answer

Sub-section (2) of section 288 of the Income tax Act defines “authorised representative” which includes “any person who has passed accountancy examination recognised in this behalf by the Board”.

Rule 50 of the Income-tax Rules, 1962 recognises the accounting examination, which inter alia, includes final examination of the Institute of Company Secretaries of India, New Delhi” for the purpose of section 288(2)(v) of the Act. Therefore, company secretaries are entitled to appear before ITAT.

Note: Please send your queries relating to Direct, Indirect & International taxation, Accounting & Auditing Standards and Company Law, FEMA etc. to AIFTP, having interest to the Members.

CA. H.N. Motiwalla

I. ISSSUE OF DEPRECIATION

1. The claim of the Department is that the Charitable Trust (hereinafter referred as assessee) is claiming double deduction which is in violation of the law laid down by the Supreme Court in the case of Escorts Ltd. v. union of India 199 ITR 43 (SC). The department is also relying upon the decision in the case of JK Synthetics Ltd. v. UOI 1992 65 Taxmann 420 (SC) where the Supreme Court has laid down the law regarding the non-admissibility of double deduction. Needless to say that the ruling of the Apex Court would prevail over the judgment pronounced by the High Court.

2. Reliance by the Department on the two judgment of the Supreme Court in the case of Escorts Ltd. and JK Synthetics (supra) is that the law lays down that in no circumstances the benefit of double deduction can be claimed and allowed.

3. It is entirely incorrect to deny the claim of depreciation to the assessee. This is based on the facts that there are various judgment that supports the assessee’s view directly on the subject while the decision of the Supreme Court are not directly on the issue but are by virtue of inference and analogy on the issue of double deduction and therefore the Supreme Court judgments would not apply. In fact, the following judgments would support the stand that depreciation would be allowed. These judgments being:

(i) CIT v. Seth Manilal Ranchhoddas Vishram Bhawan Trust [1992] 198 ITR 598 (Guj.);

(ii) CIT v. Institute of Banking Personnel Selection (IBPS) (2003) 131 Taxmann 386 (Bom.);

(iii) CIT v. Rao Bahadur Calavala Cunnan Chetty Charities [1982] 135 ITR 485 (Mad.);

(iv) CIT v. Society of the Sisters of St. Anne [1984] 146 ITR 28 (Kar.); and

(v) CIT v. Raipur Pallottine Society [1989] 180 ITR 579 (MP).

4. The judgment of the Supreme Court in the case of Escorts Ltd. v. Union of India 199 ITR 43, in my opinion has no application to the situation where depreciation as claimed by a charitable institution in determining the percentage of fund applied for purpose of charitable objects and the question concerning depreciation. In this connection, attention is invited to the judgment of CIT v. Tiny Tots Educational Society (2011) 330 ITR (P&H).

5. Courts have repeatedly held that in ascertaining the income of a trust or charitable institution liable to be either applied or accumulated, depreciation on capital assets in use would have to be charged. However, this law was sought to be treated as superseded by the decision in Escorts’ Ltd. v. Union of India 199 ITR 43 (SC) overlooking the vital fact that the decision in Escorts’ case was rendered in the context of section 35(1) (iv), which barred depreciation for an equipment acquired for research, the cost of which had been allowed as a deduction.

6. In the case of charities, the amount of expenditure incurred for acquiring capital assets is not deducted from his income, so that depreciation could not have been denied even otherwise.

7. In CIT v. Market Committee, Pipli (2011) 330 ITR 16 (P&H) have pointed out this distinction with the facts of Escorts Ltd.’s case and upheld the order of the Tribunal allowing depreciation. This was followed in CIT v. Tiny Tots Educational Society 330 ITR 21 (P&H).

8. Based on the above, I am of the view that the claim of depreciation is justified on law as well as on facts.

9. CASE LAWS IN SUPPORT OF THE PROPOSITION THAT DEPRECIATION TO BE ALLOWED TO THE TRUST

9.1. BOMBAY HIGH COURT

9.1.1 CIT v. Institute of Banking (2003) 264 ITR 110 (Bom.):

The Tribunal was right in law in directing the Assessing Officer to allow depreciation on the assets, the cost of which had been fully allowed as application of income under section 11 in the past years.

Income of the Trust is required to be computed under section 11 on commercial principle after providing for allowance for normal depreciation and deduction thereof from the gross income of the Trust.

9.1.2. DIT Exemption v. Framjee Cawasjee Institute (1993) 109 CTR 463 (Bom.):

In the case, the facts were as follows: The assessee was the trust. It derived its income from depreciation assets. The assessee took into account depreciation on those assets in computing the income of the trust. The Income-tax officers held that depreciation could not be taken into account because, full capital expenditure had been allowed in the year of acquisition of the assets. The assessee went in appeal before the Appellate Assistant Commissioner. The appeal was rejected. The Tribunal, however, took the view that when the Income Tax Officer stated that full expenditure had been allowed in the year of acquisition of the assets, what he really meant was that the amount spent on acquiring those assets had been treated as “application of Income” of the trust in the year in which the income was spent in acquiring those assets. This did not mean that in computing income from those assets in subsequent years, depreciation in respect of those assets cannot be taken into account. This view of the Tribunal has been confirmed by the Bombay High Court Institute of Banking case. Hence, question No. 2 is covered by the decision of the Bombay High Court in the above judgment. Consequently, question No. 2 is answered in the affirmative i.e. in favour of the assessee and against the Department.

9.2 CALCUTTA HIGH COURT

9.2.1 CIT vs. Public welfare Trust (1999) 240 ITR 513 (Cal.):

While Computing Income of Charitable Trust, income is to be arrived at in commercial manner and, therefore, depreciation claimed in accounts by assessee-trust was an outgoing for purpose of determination of income in terms of section 11(1) of the Act. In the Computation of Income of the Trust, Depreciation is deductible.

9.2.2 CIT v. Birla Janahit Trust (1994) 208 ITR 372 (Cal.):

Computation of Income for purpose of section 11. Expenditure on salary and miscellaneous expenditure for carrying out the purpose of the trust must be considered as application for Charitable Purposes. Central Board of Direct Taxes Circular dated 19th May, 1968.

9.3 GUJARAT HIGH COURT

CIT v. Seth Manual Ranchhoddas Vishram Bhavan Trust (1992) 198 ITR 598 (Guj.):

Allowance of Depreciation in Computing Income of a Charitable Trust. Mode of Computation of Income. Income to be computed in normal commercial manner.

9.4 KERALA HIGH COURT

9.4.1 CIT v. Society of Sisters of St. Anne (1984) 146 ITR 28 (Ker.)

Depreciation on its assets is to be allowed to a Charitable Trust. It is not right to contend that depreciation being a notional expenditure cannot be allowed to be the expenditure account of the Trust.

9.4.2 CIT v. St. George Forana Church (1988) 170 ITR 62 (Ker.)

The assessee trust spent certain amount for the construction of additional to its buildings which had been let out and income by way of rent from those building was used for religious purposes. Held that the word ‘applied’ occurring in section 11 is wider in import than the word ‘Expenditure’. The word ‘Expenditure’ means ‘Disbursement’. ‘Expend’ means ‘to pay out or distribute; to spend’. Considering these two words, the word ‘applied’ is of wider import. The money or amount will not to go out irretrievably, when it is ‘applied’ to a purpose. Hence, the said expenditure was as application of income by the assessee for religious or charitable purposes.

9.5 MADRAS HIGH COURT

CIT v. Rao Bahadur Calavala Cunnan Chetty Charities (1982) 135 ITR 485 (Mad.):

Income from properties held under trust would have to be arrived at in normal commercial manner without classification under various heads set out in section 14 and 25% thereof will have to be ascertained. If the assessee has accumulated more than 25%, the consequences in section 11 will have to follow.

9.6 MADHYA PRADESH HIGH COURT

In respect of the assets owned, a charitable trust is entitled to depreciation allowance CIT v. Raipur Pallottine Society (1989) 180 ITR 579 (MP)

Depreciation is the exhaustion of the effective life of a fixed asset owing to “use” or obsolescence. It may be computed as that part of the cost of the asset which will not be recovered when the asset is finally put out of use. The object of providing for depreciation is to spread the expenditure incurred in acquiring the asset over its effective lifetime and the amount of provision made in respect of an accounting period is intended to represent the proportion of such expenditure which has expired during that period. If depreciation is not allowed as a necessary deduction in computing the income of a charitable trust, then there would be no way to preserve the corpus of the trust. A charitable trust is, therefore, entitled to depreciation in respect of the assets owned by it.

CIT v. Society of the Sisters of St. Anne (1984J 146 ITR 28 (Kar.) followed.

9.7 Recent Tribunal’s judgment of Chennai Tribunal also confirms with the same principle having distinguished Escort’s case. In Shri Rengalatchumi Education Trust v. ITO (OSD) Exemptions (2012) 137 ITD 318 (Chennai), assessee was entitled to depreciation on capital assets even if the cost of acquisition of such assets was earlier allowed as application of income while computing income u/section 11. Facts: Assessee trust claimed depreciation while computing its income for the respective assessment year. The AO held that as the cost of addition to assets was claimed by the assessee as application of income for the respective assessment years, assessee could not further claim depreciation on the very same assets and hence disallowed the claim of depreciation.

Held: For the purpose of determining the income of trust eligible for exemption u/section 11, income should be construed strictly in commercial sense (i.e. normal accounting principles), without reference to the heads of income specified in section 14. The income to be considered is the book income and not the total income as defined in section 2(45). The concept of commercial income necessarily envisages deduction of depreciation on the assets of the trust. This position is as confirmed by the CBDT vide its circular No. 5-P (LXX-6), dated 19-5-1968. Normal accounting principles clearly provide for deducting depreciation to arrive at income. Income so arrived at (after deducting depreciation) is to be applied for charitable purpose. Capital expense is applicable of income so determined. Hence, there is no double deduction or double claimed of the same amount as application.

Thus, depreciation is to be deducted to arrive at income and it is not application of income.

Note:

(i) Supreme Court decision in case of Escorts Ltd. v. Union of India (1993) 199 ITR 43 was distinguished;

(ii) Readers may refer two decision of Hon’ble Bombay High Court viz.:

• DIT (Exemption) v. Framjee Cawasjee Institute (1993) 109 CTR 463;

and

• CIT v. Institute of Banking Personnel Selection (IBPS) (2003) 264 ITR 110.

10. Since the Department is relying upon Escort’s judgment, in my opinion, the said judgment has no application and my analysis of depreciation in Escorts’ judgment is made hereunder:

(i) Since the income of a charitable institution should be computed under ordinary Principles of commercial accounting, depreciation has to be allowed for depreciable assets held by a charitable institution to arrive at the income of 85%, which is required to be applied for charitable purposes. But where an acquisition of an asset is treated as income which has been applied for the objects of the trust or institution, it was inferred that such application gets the income correspondingly reduced, so that in respect of such assets, there can be no further deduction by way of depreciation in view that any such deduction would amount to double deduction. This was understood to be the view taken by the Supreme Court in Escorts Ltd. v. Union of India {1993} 199 ITR 43 (SC), so that was followed by the Kerala High Court in Lissie Medical Institutions v. CIT {2012} 348 ITR 344 (Ker). There is considerable confusion on the subject.

(ii) Accordingly to the Guidance Note issued by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India in Audit of Public Charitable Institution under the IT Act, even where the whole capital expenditure has been treated as application of income towards charitable or religious purposes for exemption u/section 11, the trust or institution can claim depreciation in respect of the assets used by it for its purposes on the basis of normal commercial principles following Circular No. 5-P (LXX-6) of 1968 dated 19th June 1968 issued by the Central Board of Direct Taxes. But in a publication by the institute of Chartered Accountants of India on debatable issues (page 121), it was opined that three could be an inference of double deduction in following the cost as well as depreciation purportedly with reference to the decision of the Supreme Court in Escorts’ case (supra). The Guidance note issued by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India has correctly understood that depreciation can be claimed on all assets applied for charitable purposes.

(iii) This view cannot be subject matter of any debate on the basis of Escorts Ltd v. Union of India {1993} 199 ITR 43 (SC)’s case, which relates to a case of full deduction of the cost of asset used for research since capital expenditure on scientific research is deductible in recognition of income, so that depreciation was inadmissible. The doubt overlooks the difference between computation of income and utilisation of such income.

(iv) This distinction has been pointed out in CIT v. Manav Mangal Society {2010} 328 ITR 421 (P&H) at 423 as under:

“The amount spent on construction of school building at Panchkula is a capital expenditure but for the purpose of Section 11 it is an outgoing which is application of the income of the appellant for charitable purpose. The appellant shall also be entitled to claim depreciation on the school building.”

(v) Special Leave Petition (“SLP”) filed by the Income Tax Department against this case has also since been dismissed by the Supreme Court (see Income Tax Reports {2010} 328 ITR (St.) 9). The decision in Manav Mangal Society’s case was cited before the High Court but it was dismissed by the High Court along with other citations in a sweeping statement that “we do not find in any of these decisions this aspect is considered and discussed by any of the High Court’s”, while in Manav Mangal’s case, this was the sole issue, which was discussed.

11. When capital expenditure has been treated as application of income, whether depreciation can be deducted in respect of those assets? In other words, while computing taxable income whether both depreciation and capital expenditure be deducted?

Ans: Yes, as already discussed above on the issue of depreciation and the various explanations.

II CARRY FORWARD OF DEFICIT

12. Another issue is concerning deficit arising on a/c of excess of expenditure over the revenue. When the expenditure incurred is more than the revenue generated, which are credited to income and expenditure account, the deficit occurs. The issue that arises is what is the source of excessive expenditure over the revenue generated. The view of the department is that the funds can come from three sources either by expenditure from corpus, accumulation or loans raised. The Department’s contention is that in such circumstances, the issue is which such deficit and expenditure due to which deficit has occurred can be termed as applicable of income for availing of expenditure. In this connection, the Department is relying upon the decision of Escorts and JK Synthetics (supra) on the ground that deficit cannot be allowed since no double deduction can be allowed, unless it is specifically sanctioned by the statute.

In my opinion, the stand regarding carry forward of deficit is misplaced and the Charitable Trust (hereinafter referred as assessee) is entitled to carry forward of the deficit.

In this connection, my analysis of deficit is as under :

In this connection, reliance is placed on (i) 279 ITR 659 (Del.); (ii) 185 CTR 492 (Bom.); (iii) 60CTR (Raj.) 40; and (iv) 211 ITR 293 (Guj.) that the excess expenditure in earlier years can be adjusted against the income of subsequent years.

The amount incurred out of corpus is an amount applied for the objects of the trust and, therefore, the said amount is claimed as deduction u/section 11(1)(a) of the IT Act. The IT Act allowed a trust/ institution to carry forward losses and claim set off against the future income. These are based on benevolent provisions of the Act and such debits to corpus accounts are only account presentations. Reliance is placed on the decision of the Kerala High Court in case of George Forma Church 170 ITR 62 where the word “apply” occurring in section (11)(1)(a) is of wider import than the word “expenditure”, where the “expenditure” means “disbursements”. Hence, the said expenditure was application of income of the assessee for the objects of the trust.

The amounts spent on acquisition of capital assets of a trust are exempt as held in the case of Devine Mission 279 ITR 659 (Del). Reliance is also placed on the decision of Institute of Banking Personnel 185 CTR 492 (Bom.) for the proposition that carry forward of deficit of earlier years and set off against subsequent years is allowable. Also the decision of the Rajasthan High Court in the case of Maharana of Mewar Charitable Foundation 60 CTR 40 (Raj.) lends support to the proposition that there is nothing in the language of section 11(1)(a) which lends support to the contention that the expenditure incurred in the earlier year cannot be met out of the income of the subsequent years. Result of such income for meeting expenditure of earlier years will amount to such income being applied for charitable or religious purpose. Reference is also made to the decision of the Gujarat High Court in Shri Plot Swetamber Murti Pujak Jain Mandal 211 ITR 293 that excess expenditure in earlier years can be adjusted against the income of the subsequent years. In the light of the above judgments, the carry forward of deficits would be allowed.

III The Charitable Trust (hereinafter referred as assessee) is writing the following note in the statement of total income

“If for whatever reason, the deficit turns out to be surplus and if that surplus figure, after setting off the brought forward deficits to earlier years, if any, is taxable than the taxable portion of it should be deemed to have been applied under clause (2) of the explanation section 11(1). That this return may be treated as if we are exercising the option under clause (2) of the explanation of section (1)”.

Whether such a note will be sufficient for deemed application for surplus arising on assessment ?

Ans.: Yes. The note filed by the Charitable Trust (hereinafter referred as assessee) in my opinion is absolutely correct :

“1. Deemed application under explanation 2 to section 11(1):

The Explanation 2 to section 11(1) refers to two circumstances under which the income applied to charitable or religious purpose in India may fall short of eighty-five per cent of income derived during the relevant year from property held under trust, or as the case may be, held under trust in part and still it will be deemed to have been applied., Firstly in case the whole or any part of income has not been received during that year, then so much of the income applied to such purposes in India during the previous year in which the income is received or during the previous year immediately following; the year of accrual as does not exceed the said amount, may be deemed to have been applied provided the option and conditions stated below are availed of and satisfied. Secondly, where the shortfall from 85 per cent application is for any other reason, then so much of the income applied to such purposes in India during the previous year immediately following the previous year in which the income was derived as does not exceed the said amount, would be deemed to have been applied for the purposes of exemption provided the option provided for is availed of and conditions met.

2. Effect of exercise of option available under explanation 2:

On exercise of option in writing by the person in receipt of income in the first circumstance may, at the option of the person in receipt of the income (such option to be exercised in writing before the expiry of the time allowed under sub-section (1) of section 139 for furnishing the return of income) be deemed to be income applied to such purposes during the previous year in which the income was derived; and the income so deemed to have been applied shall not be taken into account in calculating the amount of income applied to such purposes during the previous year in which the income is received or during the previous year immediately following, as the case may be.

Similarly on exercise of option in writing by the person in receipt of income in the second circumstance mentioned above, so much of the income applied to such purpose in India during the previous year immediately following the previous year in which the income was derived as does not exceed the said amount to be deemed to be income applied to such purposes during the previous year in which the income was derived; and the income so deemed to have been applied shall not be taken into account in calculating the amount of income applied to such purposes during the previous year immediately following the previous year in which the income was derived.

3. According to Trustees of Tulsidas Gopalji Charitable & Chaleshwar Temple Trust v. Cit (1994) 207 ITR 368 (Bom), if a return is filed within the time specified in section 139(4) and the option contemplated by Explanation 2 to section 11(10) is exercised in writing along with such return, the requirements of that Explanation would stand satisfied.

4. The assessee charitable trust accumulated more than 25 per cent of its income. The option for accumulation was exercised by furnishing a statement along with the return. The Assessing Officer held that the assessee had not filled Form No. 10 giving notice for accumulation; the entire amount was therefore, taxable. Commissioner (Appeals) and Tribunal allowed the assessee’s appeal holding that the disputed income would be deemed to be applied for charitable purpose. It was held by the High Court that mere mentioning in the total income statement that the amount had been set apart to be utilised for charitable purpose in subsequent year amounts to exercising option under Explanation 2(i) or (ii) to Section 11(1)(a) and such amount set apart for application under section 11(1)(a). Further, when an assessee claims exemption under section 11(1), no notice of accumulation need be give and a statement along with the return would serve the purpose. Thus, section 11(2) does not operate to whittle down or to cut across exemption provisions contained in section 11(1)(a) so far as such accumulated income of the previous year is concerned. – Vide CIT v. G. R. Govindarajulu & Sons Charities (2005) 1 (I) ITCL 378 (Mad. – HC): (2005) 271 ITR 145 (Mad.): (2005) 144 Taxmann 300 (Mad.).”

In this connection, attention of the querist is invited to the recent decision of CIT v. Moti Ram Gopal Chand Charitable Trust (2014) 360 ITR 598 (All.). In this case, the issue was accumulation of income and the information to be furnished to the AO in prescribed form within the prescribed time. The Court held that it was a matter of form and not of substance and information furnished in form of a letter with full details as required in Form 10 for setting apart and carried forward of unspent amount for spending in the next year would be full compliance of section 11 and the assessee would be entitled to the exemption u/section 11.

In CIT v. Nagpur Hotels Owners’ Association 247 ITR 201 (SC), it was held that notice of accumulation must be given to the AO u/section 11 before the assessment is concluded. That the AO must have information at the time of completion of the assessment. That in the absence of any such information, it is not possible for the AO to give assessee the benefits of such exclusion and once the assessment is completed it would be futile to find fault with the assessing authority for having included such income in the assessable income of the assessee. Thus it is reasonable to presume that intimation required u/section 11 has to be furnished before the assessing authority completes the concerned the assessment.

In CIT v. Moti Ram Gopalchand Charitable Trust, the Allahabad High Court held that even if application u/section 11(2) is not filed with the return, but information is given during the process of assessment and before the completion of assessment, then in such circumstances, the assessee has given notice u/section 11(2)(a) read with Rule 17 of the Rules of 1962 for accumulation of income. In my opinion, the assessee has already given the note which forms part of the total income, and therefore there is full compliance and the recent judgment of the Allahabad High Court squarely supports the note as sufficient for deemed application of surplus arising on assessment.

Tushar Doctor and Zankhana Pranjal Mehta

Very often we ignore some small but pertinent legal issues where remedy is available under the statute. However, the assessee ultimately suffers. Such a case is discussed hereunder for appreciation of the facts. Although the matter is very small but it will certainly throw light on the facts that how Income Tax Department is collecting revenue by misinterpreting the provisions of law.

The facts of the case runs like this:

The Income Tax Officer of Bhubaneswar, Odisha assessed the assessee-firm M/s, Oberoi Enterprises on a total income of
Rs. 16,72,300/- for the Assessment Year-1998-99. The firm preferred first appeal against the aforesaid order and got substantial relief i.e. the total income was reduced by a sum of
Rs. 14,23,133/-. Hence ultimately the total income of the assessee was determined at
Rs. 2,49,170/-. Being aggrieved with the said order passed by the learned CIT(A), the assessee-firm filed Second Appeal before the Income Tax Appellate Tribunal, Cuttack Bench, Cuttack vide ITA No.338/CTK/2001 having deposited a sum of
Rs. 2,492/- towards appeal filing fee as per provisions of Section 253 of I.T. Act, 1961. The appellant here calculated appeal fee @1% of the modified assessed income i.e.
Rs. 2,49,170/-. But the Registry of Hon’ble ITAT demanded fee of Rs. 10,000/- on the original assessed income of
Rs. 16,72,300/- as per provisions of Section-253(6)(c) of the said Act. A notice was issued to rectify the defect otherwise the appeal would be rejected.

The assessee-firm filed a Writ Application before the Hon’ble High Court of Orissa bearing OJC No. 4902 of 2002 challenging the legality of the notice of the ITAT.

The matter was finally heard and disposed of on 29-10-2015 with the following observation of the Hon’ble Court:

“The issue in the present case needs for determining only to refer Section 253(6) (a)(b)(c) of the Income-tax Act, 1961 which is as follows:

S.253. Appeals to the Appellate Tribunal

(6) An appeal to the Appellate Tribunal shall be in the prescribed form and shall be verified in the prescribed manner and shall, in the case of an appeal of the assessment proceedings relating thereto, be accompanied by a fee of –

(a) Where the total income of the assessee as computed by the Assessing Officer, in the case to which the appeal relates, is one hundred thousand rupees or less, five hundred rupees.

(b) Where the total income of the assessee, computed as aforesaid, in the case to which the appeal relates is more than one hundred thousand rupees but not more than two hundred thousand rupees, one thousand five hundred rupees,

(c) Where the total income of the assessee, computed as aforesaid, in the case to which the appeal relates is more than two hundred thousand rupees, one per cent of the assessed income, subject to a maximum of ten thousand rupees,

(d) xx xx xx”.

It is clear from the aforesaid provision of the Income-tax Act, 1961 that this provision applies to the appeal through the Appellate Tribunal which obviously means that the assessee has by then exhausted the First Appellate remedy before approaching the Appellate Tribunal. Consequently, the total income of the assessee as mentioned under Section 253(6)(c) of the Act has already been determined in the First Appeal. As the basis for computing the amount of fee payable for approaching, the Appellate Tribunal determined in the First Appeal in the present case as
Rs. 2,49,170/- and the petitioner have deposited the fee amounting to
Rs. 2,492/- i.e. 1% of the determined income amount which satisfies the requirement of deposit of fees. Consequently, we find no jurisdiction in the demand raised under Annexure-4 series dated 6th September, 2001.

Accordingly, while quashing the order dated 6th September, 2001 under Annexure-4 series, we further direct the Registry to place the matter before the Tribunal for consideration of the Second Appeal on its own merits. Further, we find that the matter has been substantially delayed pending before this Court and accordingly, this Court hopes and trusts that the Tribunal would condone the delay suitably and dispose of the matter on its own merit expeditiously.

The writ application is allowed in terms of the above directions”.

Similarly CBDT Circular No. 14(XI-35) of 1955 dated: 11-4-1955 says:-

“Officers of the department must not take advantage of the ignorance of an assessee as to his rights. It is one of their duties to assist a taxpayer in every reasonable way, particularly in the matter of claiming and securing reliefs and in this regard the officers should take the initiative in guiding taxpayer where proceedings or other particulars before them indicate that some refund or relief is due to him. This attitude would, in the long run, benefit the department, for, it would inspire confidence in him that he may be sure of getting a square deal from the department. Although, therefore, the responsibility for claiming refunds and reliefs rests with the assessees on whom it is imposed by law, officers should-

(a) Draw their attention to any refunds or reliefs to which they appear to be clearly entitled but which they have omitted to claim for some reason or other;

(b) Freely advise them when approached by them as to their rights and liabilities and as to the procedure to be adopted for claiming refunds and reliefs.”

Here not only in the above cited case but also in each and every case, Registry of ITAT is compelling the appellants to deposit appeal filing fee @1% of the original assessed income or
Rs. 10,000/- whichever is less as per the provisions of Section-253(6)(c) where the assessed income has exceeded
Rs. 2,00,000/-. No one has interpreted the matter in this regard. However, M/s. Oberoi Enterprisers of Bhubaneswar took the matter to the notice of the Hon’ble High Court of Orissa for proper interpretation of the Statute and ultimately the appellant succeeded.

Everyone must be aware of the fact that recently CBDT has come up with a new idea to simplify the provisions of Income-ax Act, 1961 and Rules and formed a Committee as per Press release dated 27-10-2015 which is reproduced hereunder:

“Government of India

Ministry of Finance

Department of Revenue

Central Board of Direct Taxes

PRESS RELEASE

New Delhi, 27th October, 2015

Subject: SETTING UP OF COMMITTEE WITH A VIEW TO SIMPLIFY THE PROVISIONS OF THE INCOME TAX ACT, 1961

With a view to simplify the provisions of the Income-tax Act, 1961, a Committee has been constituted with the following composition:

(i) Justice R. V. Easwar, (Retd.), former Judge, Delhi High Court and former President, ITAT – Chairman

(ii) Shri V. K. Bhasin, former Law Secretary – Member

(iii) Shri Vinod Jain, Chartered Accountant – Member

(iv) Shri Rajiv Memani, Consultant – Member

(v) Shri Ravi Gupta, Sr. Advocate – Member

(vi) Shri Mukesh Patel, Chartered Accountant – Member

(vii) Shri Ajay Bahl, Consultant – Member

(viii) Shri Pradip P. Shah, Investment Advisor – Member

(ix) Shri Arvind Modi, IRS (IT:81009) – Member

(x) Dr. Vinay Kumar Singh, IRS (IT:95006) – Member

2. The Terms of Reference (ToR) of the Committee shall be as follows:

i) To study and identify the provisions/phrases in the Act which are leading to litigation due to different interpretations;

ii) To study and identify the provisions which are impacting the ease of doing business;

iii) To study and identify the areas and provisions of the Act for simplification in the light of the existing jurisprudence;

iv) To suggest alternatives and modifications to the existing provisions and areas so identified to bring about predictability and certainty in tax laws without substantial impact on the tax base and revenue collection and;

3. The Committee shall set its own procedures for regulating its work. The Committee can also work in Sub-Groups and the draft prepared by the Sub-Groups can then be approved by the whole Committee. The Committee will put its draft recommendations in the public domain. After stakeholder consultations, the Committee will formalise its recommendations. The Committee can give its recommendations in batches. The first batch containing as many recommendations as possible shall be submitted by 31st January, 2016.

4. The Term of the Committee shall be for a period of one year from the date of its constitution.

(Shefali Shah)

Pr. Commissioner of Income Tax (OSD)

Official Spokesperson, CBDT”

Thus it is suggested that AIFTP should take the initiative in bringing those anomalies in the Income-tax Act & Rules to the notice of the above committee for suitable amendment, which the assessees or their representatives are facing in their day-to-day practice.

Natabar Panda
Advocate

“We contend that for a nation trying to tax itself into prosperity is like a man standing in a bucket and trying to lift himself up by the handle”

So said Winston Churchill, on the question as to whether more and more taxes should be levied to bring in more revenue to the Government for spending on welfare projects. In India, Churchill’s views would find more sympathisers with the taxman in perpetual pursuit for more tax revenue under the pretence that the ‘welfare state’ needs it. The experience of the past has been disastrous, as taxes have often soared to confiscatory levels and cesses and surcharges get added with regular frequency. Business and industry has been reduced to a mere cash cow to finance social policies which make no economic sense. The situation in indirect taxes is worsening as the time goes by, with more than one Government trying tax everything under the sun – simultaneously.

In this backdrop, three Governments have tried to replace the overflowing basket of indirect taxes with a single Goods and Services Tax. The Constitution Amendment Bill required for changing the current scenario is now pending in the Upper House of Parliament. The 122nd Constitution Amendment Bill was passed by the Lok Sabha in December, 2014. The current Government wants the GST Constitution Amendment Bill to be passed before the Budget Session and the new regime to kick in from 1st April, 2016.

The Goods and Services Tax has worked spectacularly in other countries which have adopted that model of taxation. The Indian model also sounds good in theory. But whether or not it works as well in India is a matter of how it is implemented and whether the Government is willing to keep the tax rate reasonable. With this caveat, let us proceed to examine the proposed Constitutional framework for the levy of GST.

The Present Scenario

As of now, the taxation of goods and services is divided between the States and the Union. At present, the State Governments have authority to tax the sale or purchase of goods which take place within the State. The Union Government has the authority to tax manufacture of goods and inter-State sale or purchase of goods as well as authority to levy sales tax on all sales within the Union Territories. The Union Government can also levy Customs duties on import or export of goods. The Union Government also levies a tax on services under the residuary power of legislation.

What is a Goods and Services Tax

The Goods and Services Tax is in essence a Value Added Tax. The classic definition and the simplest description of the design of VAT is contained in Para 1.2 of the OECD International VAT/GST Guidelines (November 2015):

“The overarching features of a VAT are to impose a broad-based tax on consumption, which is understood to mean final consumption by households. In principle only private individuals, as distinguished from businesses, engage in the consumption at which a VAT is targeted. In practice, however, many VAT systems impose VAT burden not only on consumption by private individuals, but also on various entities that are involved in non-business activities.”

The Indian GST is also envisaged as a destination-based consumption tax based on the VAT-model of the European Union and the GST models in Australia and New Zealand. The proposal for both the States and the Central Government to tax supplies simultaneously is inspired from the Canadian model. Under the Indian GST model also, both the Central Government and the State Governments will tax supply of goods as well as services within the State. The former will be called the Central GST (CGST) and the latter will be called the State GST (SGST). Inter-State supply of goods and services will be taxed exclusively by the Union and will be called “Integrated GST” (IGST). Taxation of Import and Export of goods and services has been deliberately kept outside the field of State taxation.

The Goods and Services Tax is expected to reduce the cascading effect of multiple taxes which tax each and every aspect of the economic activity without providing for any harmonised set-off mechanism. It is expected to reduce considerably the tussle between the Union and State Governments for maximising their own revenue and the overlapping demands on the same economic activity by both the Union and the State Governments.

The Goods and Services Tax seeks to resolve this conflict of jurisdictions by giving both the Central and State Governments uniform access to tax all supplies of goods and services and provide for set-off machinery to target only the value addition as much as possible. Apart from this, the widening tax base is expected to lead to lesser obstacles in the credit chain which will ultimately reduce the cascading effect of taxes.

Before commencing a deeper study of the Bill, it is necessary to look at some of the definitions which will be relevant to for the purposes of the levy of GST:

“Goods and Services Tax” is sought to be defined by way of a new Article 366(12A) as “any tax on supply of goods, or services or both except taxes on the supply of the alcoholic liquor for human consumption”.

“Goods” has already been defined in Article 366(12) as “including all materials, commodities and articles”. We hope that there would be no need to refer to the definition of “goods” in the Sale of Goods Act, 1930 while interpreting the GST legislation since the GST laws are not concerned merely with sale of goods.

“Services” is sought to be defined in Article 366(26A) to mean “anything other than goods”.

Supply

Now, the cornerstone of the levy of Goods and Services Tax is a “supply of goods and services”. Unfortunately, the Constitution Amendment Bill does not define a “supply”. It has been left to Parliament and the State Governments to define “supply” in any which way they choose. This is somewhat similar to the position in the European Union wherein the term “supply” has not been defined in the EU Sixth VAT Directive and has been left to the member-nations to define for themselves.

However, the EU Sixth VAT Directive uses the term “supply for consideration”1 and the EU Sixth VAT Directive itself lays down specific exceptions for treating a transaction without consideration as a “deemed supply”. It is not open to the member-nations of the European Union to make a law in conflict with the provisions of the EU Sixth VAT Directive. In essence the EU Sixth VAT Directive is in nature of a Constitutional document.

Our Constitution Amendment Bill not only avoids defining a “supply”, but also chooses not to use the term “supply for consideration” which is used in the EU Sixth VAT Directive. The authors submit that the term “supply for consideration” would have put Constitutional brakes on the attempts of Parliament or State Legislatures to define “supply” in wider sense and keep on expanding the list of deemed supplies” (supplies which are taxable even if there is no consideration) and thus bring everything from sunshine to moonlight to tax. After all, we do have a history and an addictive tendency to introduce deeming fictions and explanations wherever possible and that too with retrospective effect. It is more probable than not that the number of “deemed supplies” in India will go on increasing with each passing year as the Union and State Governments scramble for more and more revenue. Since each State and Parliament is independent to define the definition of “supply” in its own law, the consequences of the same would lead to a lot of problems in future.

Will Parliament’s GST Law override State’s GST law?

Before we discuss the actual Constitutional provisions relating to GST, it is important to consider what will happen if Parliament’s GST law conflicts with a State GST law. What happens if a State GST law is repugnant to a Central GST law? Would the State GST law be void to the extent it conflicts with the Central GST law? Can the State legislature make changes in its own GST law which are not contemplated in the Central GST law at all?

The answer to all these questions is ‘yes’. There is nothing in the Constitution Amendment Bill which expressly makes State GST law subject to Central GST law. The principle that a State law is subject to Central law is only applicable to subjects which are part of Concurrent list (see Article 254). If a law is properly made under an entry under the State List and it conflicts with a law properly made under an entry in the Union List, the two laws will operate independently and the State law is not void due to repugnancy with Union law. But if the State law as well as the Union law is made under an entry in the Concurrent List, the repugnancy will cause the State law to be void to the extent of the repugnancy.

However, the GST Constitution Amendment Bill does not place the subject of GST under the concurrent list. Indeed, the GST is not sought to be placed in any of the three legislative lists.

The power to levy GST is to be embodied through a completely separate provision, that is Article 246A. Hence, the principles of Article 254 with respect to inconsistency between Union and State laws qua Concurrent list subjects would be rendered completely irrelevant. Indeed, the opening words of the new Article 246A make this very clear by specifically saying “Notwithstanding anything contained in Articles 246 and 254..”2.

Structure of the GST regime

The GST is to be levied by both the Central Government and the State Governments. According to Article 246A(1), Parliament as well as the State Legislature can make laws with respect to goods and services tax. Article 246A(1) is the enabling provision for levying the GST, but it does not itself speak of exactly which legislature will tax which transaction. That task is fulfilled by Articles 269A and 286.

According to Article 269A, only the Government of India can levy a tax on the inter-State trade and commerce and a tax on supplies of goods or services in the course of import of goods and services into India.

On the other hand, Article 286 expressly bans the State Legislatures from imposing a tax on:

(1) Supply outside the State

(2) Supply in the course of import

(3) Supply in the course of export

Thus, the State legislature can only tax a supply within the State. It cannot tax an inter-State supply or a supply in the course of import or export.

Articles 269A(2) and 286(2) give Parliament the exclusive authority to decide, by law:

(1) When a supply is in the course of inter-State trade or commerce

(2) When a supply is in the course of import

(3) When a supply is in the course of export

(4) When a supply is outside the State

These provisions are similar to the provisions governing sales tax law. Before the Constitution was enacted, there was no similar provision in the Government of India Act, 1935 and the Provincial Governments used to invoke the “nexus theory” to tax any transaction of sale even though the sale was completely outside the State on basis of various nexuses like place of storage, place of delivery, place of entering into contract, place of invoicing etc. The Constitution-makers realised that the trade and industry were getting badly affected due to multiple taxation of one transaction and hence the power of State legislatures to levy sales tax was restricted on the principle that only one State can tax a sale. The same principles are now being, fortunately, extended to GST. In absence of these restrictions, the nexus theory would have resurrected to the peril of trade and industry.

Therefore, by way of summarisation, the following can be said to be the division of taxing power between the Union and the States:

(1) Both Parliament and State Legislature can tax a supply within a State

(2) Only Parliament can tax an inter-State supply of goods and services

(3) Only Parliament can tax a supply in the course of import

Which taxes will be subsumed completely in the Goods and Services Tax?

The 122nd Constitution Amendment Bill seeks to subsume most of the levies of indirect taxes. This is sought to be done by deleting or modifying the taxation entries in the three legislative lists. The following entries are sought to be deleted:

Union List

(1) Entry 92: Taxes on sale or purchase of newspapers and on advertisements published therein

(2) Entry 92C : Taxes on services (though the Constitution Amendment inserting this entry was never notified. Service tax continues to be levied under the residuary power of legislation vested in Parliament)

State List

(3) Entry 52: Taxes on the entry of goods into a local area for consumption, use or sale therein

(4) Entry 55: Taxes on advertisements other than advertisements published in the newspapers and advertisements broadcast by radio or television.

Which taxes will be subsumed partially?

Some taxes have been subsumed partially, that is the scope of the entries has been narrowed down. The following taxes will be levied in a modified form:

Union List:

(1) Entry 84: The power to levy excise duties on manufacture of goods has been drastically narrowed down to levy a duty of excise on manufacture of only 6 types of goods:

i. Petroleum crude

ii. High speed diesel

iii. Motor spirit (commonly known as petrol)

iv. Natural gas

v. Avitation turbine fuel

vi. Tobacco and tobacco products

No Central Excise Duty under Entry 84 can be levied on any other product.

State List

(2) Entry 54: Entry 54 deals with the power to levy tax on sale or purchase of goods except newspapers. The scope of Entry 54 is also sought to be reduced and it will only cover these goods:

i. Petroleum crude

ii. High speed diesel

iii. Motor Spirit (commonly known as petrol)

iv. Natural gas

v. Aviation turbine fuel

vi. Alcoholic liquor for human consumption.

However, Entry 54 will not cover sales in the course of inter-State trade or commerce or a sale in the course of international trade or commerce

It is pertinent to note that reference to “tax on purchase” has been deleted completely. It is submitted that the Entry 48 of the Government of India Act, 1948 also did not expressly refer to “tax on purchase”, but only spoke of “tax on sale of goods”. However, the Supreme Court interpreted the term “tax on sale of goods” in a wide manner and held that it includes a tax on purchase of goods in V. M Syed Mohammed and Co. [1954 AIR 314 SC]. Whether the same principle is extendable in the present case where the term “tax on purchase” is deliberately omitted is a matter of fresh controversy.

(3) Entry 62: Hitherto, the State Government had the authority to levy taxes on luxuries, including taxes on entertainments, amusements, betting and gambling. In so far as the authority to levy tax on betting and gambling is concerned, the same has been completely deleted from the Entry 62 and the taxes on betting and gambling will be subsumed in the GST. Taxes on entertainments and amusements will continue to be authorised by the Entry 62, but only to the extent levied and collected by a Panchayat or a Municipality or a Regional Council or a District Council.

Which taxes will be retained in unmodified form: The following taxes will be retained in unmodified form:

Union List:

(1) Entry 82: Taxes on income other than agricultural income

(2) Entry 83: Duties of Customs including export duties

(3) Entry 85: Corporation Tax

(4) Entry 86: Taxes on the capital value of the assets, exclusive of agricultural land, of individuals and companies; taxes on the capital of companies

(5) Entry 87: Estate Duty in respect of property other than agricultural land

(6) Entry 88: Duties in respect of succession to property other than agricultural land

(7) Entry 89: Terminal taxes on goods or passengers, carried by railway, sea or air, taxes on railway fares and freights

(8) Entry 90: Taxes on stamp duties on transactions in stock exchanges and future markets

(9) Entry 92A: Taxes on sale or purchase of goods other than newspapers, where such sale or purchase takes place in the course of inter-State trade or commerce

(10) Entry 92B: Taxes on the consignment of goods (whether the consignment is to the person making it or to any other person), where such consignment takes place in the course of inter-State trade or commerce.

State List:

(11) Entry 46: Taxes on agricultural income

(12) Entry 47: Duties in respect of succession to agricultural land

(13) Entry 48: Estate Duty in respect of agricultural land

(14) Entry 49: Taxes on lands and buildings

(15) Entry 50: Taxes on mineral rights subject to any limitations imposed by Parliament by law relating to mineral development

(16) Entry 51: Duties of excise on alcoholic on the following goods manufactured or produced in the State and countervailing duties at the same or lower rates on similar goods manufactured or produced elsewhere in India:

a. Alcoholic liquors for human consumption

b. Opium, Indian hemp and other narcotic drugs and narcotics,

but not including medicinal and toilet preparations containing alcohol or any substance included in sub-paragrabh (b)

(17) Entry 53: Taxes on the consumption or sale of electricity

(18) Entry 56: Taxes on goods and passengers carried by road or on inland waterways

(19) Entry 57: Taxes on vehicles, whether mechanically propelled or not, suitable for use on roads, including tramcars subject to the provisions of entry 35 of List III.

(20) Entry 58: Taxes on animals and boats

(21) Entry 60: Taxes on professions, trades, callings, and employment

(22) Entry 61: Capitation taxes

What happens to the Central Sales Tax and Consignment tax provisions under the GST regime

As can be seen from the list of taxation entries which have not been deleted, the legislative entries relating to Central Sales Tax and Consignment Tax (Entries 92A and 92B of the Union List).

However, an amendment is being made to the Article 269 which provided that the Central sales tax and the consignment tax (when consignment is in inter-State trade or commerce) which has the effect of making sure that the inter-State supplies which are covered Article 269A (IGST) are out of the scope of CST and consignment tax. The exact effect of this amendment is unclear, particularly what tax can be levied under the Central Sales Tax Act as long as Article 269A covers the entire scope of inter-supplies (supply will include a sale or purchase in course of inter-state trade and commerce).

Article 366(29A) continues to be a part of the Constitution even post-GST

The 122nd Constitution Amendment Bill does not delete Article 366(29A). Article 366(29A) was introduced into the Constitution to overcome the decisions of the Courts which held certain types of transactions are not “sales” within the meaning of Sale of Goods Act, 1930 and hence beyond the taxing power of the States. Six categories of deemed sales were introduced –

(1) Transfer of right to use goods

(2) Works contract

(3) Sale by an association to its members

(4) Supply of food in a restaurant etc.

(5) Hire Purchase

(6) Transfer otherwise than in pursuance of a contract of sale but for consideration

Article 366(29A) may be relevant for whatever remains of the Central Sales Tax

As far as relevance of Article 366(29A) is concerned qua the State sales tax Acts, the readers will recall that the power to levy sales tax is now restricted to the following goods:

i. Petroleum crude

ii. High speed diesel

iii. Motor Spirit (commonly known as petrol)

iv. Natural gas

v. Aviation turbine fuel

vi. Alcoholic liquor for human consumption

The authors submit that it is not clear what purpose is going to be served by retention of the Article 366(29A). It is not conceivable that there should be a transfer of right to use petroleum crude or anything which can only be consumed and not “used”. Similarly, there is no possibility of works contract qua these 6 types of goods. Hire-purchase is also not possible on the same reasoning that there is no possibility of hiring a consumable product, it can only be consumed. However, the “transfer otherwise than by way of contract but for consideration” can be invoked in respect of all six categories of goods.

It may be that the Article 366(29A) would be useful for taxing a supply of these 6 goods by association to members or for taxing supply of alcoholic liquor in restaurant, but overall the entire exercise seems to be misguided and haphazard. Only time will tell what role the Article 366(29A) will play in a limited sales tax regime.

What is the Goods and Services Tax Council

The Goods and Services Tax Council is a special body which is being created by the 122nd Constitution Amendment Bill. It is to be tasked with the following functions:

(a) The GST Council will recommend when the date from which the goods and services tax will be levied on:

i. Petroleum crude

ii. High speed diesel

iii. Motor Spirit (commonly known as petrol)

iv. Natural gas

v. Aviation turbine fuel

The Explanation to Article 246A(2) says that Parliament and the State Legislatures will get authority to enact laws to impose the goods and services tax qua the above-mentioned 6 goods from the date of the recommendation. The GST laws will not be automatically extended on such recommendation, an amendment or a separate law has to be passed by the legislature concerned to bring these 6 goods to tax under GST.

Readers should, however, note that these 6 goods are the same goods which are being retained under the Sales tax regime (see Entry 54 State List as amended by 122nd Constitution Amendment Bill). Now, there is no provision in the 122nd Constitution Amendment Bill which says that the States will have to mandatorily stop levying sales tax and the Union will have to compulsorily stop levying Central Excise from the date that the GST Council recommends that GST should be levied on these 6 categories of goods or from the date on which Parliament and the State Legislatures bring these 6 goods to tax under their GST laws.

(b) The GST Council shall make recommenda-tions to the Union and States on:

a. The taxes, cesses and surcharges levied by the Union, the States and local bodies which may be subsumed in the goods and services tax;

b. The goods and services that may be subjected to, or exempted from goods and services tax

c. Model Goods and Services Tax Laws, principles of levy, apportionment of Integrated Goods and Services Tax and the principles that govern the place of supply

d. The threshold limit of turnover below which goods and services may be exempted from goods and services tax

e. Rates including floor rates with bands of goods and services tax

f. Any special rate or rates for a specified period, to raise additional resources during any natural calamity or disaster

g. Special provisions with respect to the States of Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Jammu & Kashmir, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Sikkim, Tripura, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand

h. Any other matter relating to goods and services tax as the Council may decide

Needless to say, all these powers are in nature of advisory powers, they do not bind any legislature.

The composition of the GST Council and other details can be found in the proposed Article 279A.

Amendments relating to the GST Constitutional provisions

The GST Constitution Amendment Bill seeks to amend the Proviso to Article 368(2) in order to make provision for a future Constitutional amendment relating to Article 279 (i.e. provisions relating to Goods and Services Tax Council).

The Constitution can be amended only if both Houses of Parliament pass the amendment with 2/3rds majority of those present and voting in each house (50% of members have to attend such sessions) as per the Article 368(2). However, the Proviso to Article 368(2) restricts the powers of amendment in cases specified in that proviso and in such cases, at least half of the State Legislatures have to ratify the such amendment by passing resolutions in their assemblies.

The Article 279A providing for Goods and Services Tax Council has been placed under the Proviso to Article 368(2) by the GST Constitution Amendment Bill. The Article 246A (which empowers Parliament and the State Legislatures to levy GST) will automatically fall within the auspices of the Proviso to Article 368(2) since it is placed within Chapter I of Part XI.

However, the Article 286 which places restrictions on the power of State Legislatures to levy the tax (i.e. No law of State can impose a tax on supply outside the State, supply in the course of import or export or in the course of inter-State trade or commerce) does not come within the scope of the Proviso to Article 368(2). It is submitted that even the original Article 286 outside the scope of the Proviso to Article 368(2). Hence, whatever be the possibility of abuse of that Article, the same has not happened till now.

Additional 1% tax

As a political compromise with the manufacturing States which will lose out on revenue, the GST Constitution Amendment Bill seeks to empower Parliament to levy a 1% tax on supply of goods in the course of inter-State trade or commerce (which will be assigned to the manufacturing States). The levy is to be operational for 2 years or such other period as the GST Council determines. The Originating State is to levy this additional tax just like under the Central Sales Tax Act.

It is also pertinent to note that the levy of additional tax is on “supply of goods”. Hence, services are not covered. The word “sale” has not been used, hence the additional tax can be levied on all transactions which do not qualify as a “sale” under the Sale of Goods Act, 1930 as well as a “deemed sale” under Article 366(29A).

Miscellaneous

Article 246A opens with the words “Notwithstanding anything contained in Articles 246 and 254”. We have already discussed above the significance of giving a non-obstante reference to Article 254. The non-obstante reference to Article 246 is necessary due to the fact that the Article 246 speaks of the three legislative lists. Since the GST is not placed in any of the three legislative lists, it is necessary that Article 246 be overridden to avoid confusion.

Similarly, since the authority to levy GST comes from Article 246A and is not part of the legislative lists, the provisions of the Constitution which say that any matter which does not form part of the three lists will come within Parliament’s residuary power of legislation have to be amended to avoid conflict with the Article 246A (since GST is also a matter not enumerated in the three lists and cannot be allowed to pass into the exclusive residuary lawmaking powers of Parliament. Hence, Article 248 will suffer amendment).

There are some provisions in the Constitution which allow Parliament to legislate in case of national interest and emergency. These powers are enshrined in Articles 249 and 250. The same are proposed to be amended to bring Article 246A within the purview of these extraordinary lawmaking powers.

Certain duties like stamp duties and duties of excise on medicinal and toilet preparations are levied by the Government of India but collected and appropriated by the States under Article 268. Since the Union Government will not have the exclusive authority to levy an excise duty on medicinal and toilet preparations under the Entry 84 as proposed to be amended, the reference to “medicinal and toilet preparations” in Article 268 is sought to be deleted.

Article 268A deals with service tax levied by the Union and collected and appropriated by the Union and States. Since service tax is to be subsumed in the GST, the Article 268A is proposed to be deleted.

The amendments in Articles 270 and 271 is consequent to the changes in the revenue-sharing between the Union and the States after the GST comes into being.

Paragraph 8 of the Sixth Schedule to the Constitution has been amended to give the Autonomous Regional/District Councils of the North East to levy “taxes on entertainment and amusements.”

Vinayak Patkar and Ishaan Patkar
Advocates

Introduction

The editor-in-chief of All India Federation of Tax Practitioners in its journal for the month of March, 2015, much appreciates the Finance Bill, 2015 but, while concluding its pleasant comments, inter-alia, states as under:

“Amendments to the fiscal laws each year is a regular feature. But, the Federation is of the opinion that whatever may be the law, unless the provision of accountability is introduced in the Act, honest taxpayers will have to suffer at the sweet mercy of few adventurous tax officials, and, therefore, it is essential for the law makers as well as the federation to focus the attention on this vital issue till such time the success is achieved in this behalf.

Recently, an assessee brought to our notice that the returned income was loss of
Rs. 2 crores, and the Assessing Officer, for reasons best known to him converted the loss into profit and assessed at
Rs. 4 crores by treating entire cost of purchase of machinery as income, sister concern’s sales added as the income of the assessee.

One has to imagine the harassment meted out to the assessee by such unlawful actions of the Assessing Officer. This is mainly because albeit the entire addition is deleted by higher authorities, no question will be asked of the Assessing Officer concerned for making such illegal additions. So both escape from the scrutiny on the ground that they being public servants their actions are honestly done. Therefore, it is high time, all concerned with this deeply-rooted malady, must ponder over it and seek remedy in the matter. One will find a number of High Court judgments warning tax officials to follow the due process of law while rejecting stay applications, notwithstanding that the Apex Court as well as High Courts have prescribed guidelines on this issue. Sadly, some tax officials do not show any respect to the judgments of the higher Courts and nothing happens to them. In such a disgusting scenario, we earnestly appeal to the Government to take drastic steps to bring accountability in tax administration and advise tax officials to follow the culture of tax service.”

2. The above said suggestions of the All India Federation of Tax Practitioners are fully justified for the reasons given hereunder :

I. Accountability in Tax Admini-stration

(i) In addition to the reasons given in the introduction portion, reproduced above, two cases namely of M/s. P. S. Agencies1 and M/s. Gurcharan Singh & Sons recently came up before the Hon’ble Appellate Tribunal, VAT, Delhi, wherein the refund claims of the dealers were rejected, inter alia, observing that the cases had been examined by the department and on their advice the refunds had been rejected. A judgment of the Hon’ble Delhi High Court in the case of M/s. Sita Juneja & Associates2 was brought to the notice of the Hon’ble Tribunal, wherein it was held, relying on a judgment of the Hon’ble Supreme Court in the case of Orient Paper Mills Ltd. v. Union of India3 wherein it was held

“That a quasi-judicial power cannot be controlled by the directions issued by the Board. No authority, however high placed can control the decision of a judicial or a quasi-judicial authority that is the essence of our judicial system.”

The Hon’ble Tribunal was also apprised of the observations of the Hon’ble Supreme Court in Mahadayal Premchandra v. Commercial Tax Officer, Calcutta4 and Another which are as under:-

“That is the essence of our judicial system. There is no provision in the Act empowering the Board to issue directions to the assessing authorities or the appellate authority in the matter of deciding disputes between the persons who are called upon to pay duty and the department. It is true that the assessing authorities as well as the appellate authorities are judges in their own cause, yet when they are called upon to decide disputes arising under the Act they must act independently and impartially. They cannot be said to act independently if their judgment is controlled by the directions given by others. Then it is a misnomer to call their order as their judgments, they would essentially be the judgments of the authority that gave the directions and which authority had given those judgments without hearing the aggrieved party.”

In view of the above judgments the impugned orders passed by the authorities below were set-aside and appeals filed were accepted.

This shows how some of the honest tax payers are dragged to litigation – may be up to Appellate Tribunal stage. In this context the following observations of the Hon’ble Rajasthan High Court in Chiranji Lal Tak v. UOI5 are quite apposite: –

“Litigation is not a luxury and/or amusement of entertainment. It is not pleasure or pleasant to come to the Courts. Only when the Union or a State or its officers make it unavoidable, the litigants come up before the Court for redressal of their grievances or for enforcement of their legal or fundamental rights. The litigation is heavily costly…………”

(ii) The above apart, the Hon’ble Punjab & Haryana High Court has observed in its judgment in the case of Leader Engineering Works v. Commissioner of Income Tax, Amritsar II6, that Taxation Laws are technical. This implies that there should be a cadre of taxation officers of the department so that they do not commit mistakes of the type as mentioned above.

(iii) It may be recalled that when sales tax was introduced in the National Capital of Delhi w.e.f. 1-11-1951, there were examination Rules in force in the integrated taxation department which consisted of sales tax, entertainment tax, excise and registration which yield revenue to the Government. For appointment as Sales Tax Officer and Assistant Sales Tax Officer, an official had to qualify the departmental examination by higher standard and for appointment to the post of Sales Tax Inspector the requirement of qualifying the examination by lower standard was a must. The last departmental examination took place in the year 1967 and it can be said that during those days the Sales tax department was one of the most efficient departments under the Delhi Government.

(iv) Another advantage of the examination system was that junior officials who were aspirant for higher posts, could get a chance of promotion in the department much sooner than otherwise it would be possible. To take an example, the author of this article joined the department as a steno-typist in June 1952; promoted as a Stenographer through a test, then got his cadre changed as a Senior Clerk. In May 1960, took the departmental examination as a senior clerk and stood first in papers (i), (ii), (iv) & (vi) and in the aggregate. The then venerable Commissioner, Sales Tax, Shri V.R. Bapat IRS, the only Commissioner so far who served the Department for full five years from 1-6-1959 to 31-5-1964 issued him a demi official letter no. 1044/CST dated 15-7-1960 conveying his heartiest congratulations for securing the highest marks. This facilitated the path of progress and proved as an incentive to others. It was because of his qualifying the examination by higher standard that the author reached the status of Assistant Legal Advisor in the year 1975 and then Sales Tax Officer in February 1978; nay, on the request of a semi-Government department, proceeded on deputation as a Deputy Divisional Manager (law) and, retired as a Joint Divisional Manager from that semi Government of India department. It can be said that all this was possible only because of qualifying the departmental examination.

(v) Attention in this connection is invited to a judgment of the Hon’ble Supreme Court in the case of Bharat Sanchar Nigam Ltd. and Anr. v. Union of India and Another7 wherein it is observed that “the contents of legal concepts do not remain static. Courts must move with the times”. This aspect emphasizes all the more that officials employed to administer a fiscal statute should have experience, so that, they do not make mistakes of the type as made in the cases of M/s. P.S. Agencies and M/s. Gurcharan Singh & Sons, mentioned above.

(vi) Attention in this connection is further invited to the principle laid down by the Hon’ble Supreme Court in its judgment in Parashuram Pottery Works Co. Ltd. v. Income Tax Officer, Circle-I, Ward A, Rajkot8 which reads as under:

“It has been said that the taxes are the price that we pay for civilization. If so, it is essential that those who are entrusted with the task of calculating and realising that price should familiarise themselves with the relevant provisions and become well-versed with the law on the subject. Any remissness on their part can only be at the cost of the national exchequer and must necessarily result in loss of revenue. At the same time we have to bear in mind that the policy of law is that there must be a point of finality in all legal proceedings, that stale issues should not be reactivated beyond a particular stage and that lapse of time must induce, repose in and set at rest judicial and quasi-judicial controversies as it must in other spheres of human activities.”

2. Culture of tax

The principles decided in the following judgments amply justify the need for culture of tax :-

Sr. No.

Court

Principle decided by the judgment

1.

Supreme Court9

“A humane and considerate administration of the relevant provisions of the Income-tax Act would go a long way in allaying the apprehensions of the assessees and if that is done in the true spirit, no assessee will be in a position to charge the revenue with administering the provisions of the Act with ‘an evil eye’ and unequal hand”

2.

Supreme Court10

“The taxing authorities exercise quasi-judicial powers and in doing so they must act in a fair and not a partisan manner. Although it is part of their duty to ensure that no tax which is legitimately due from an assessee should remain unrecovered, they must also at the same time not act in a manner as might indicate that scales are weighted against the assessee.”

3.

Supreme Court11

“Tax planning within framework of law is legitimate.”

4.

Punjab & Haryana High Court12

“It is a legitimate attempt on the part of the assessee to save money by following a legal method. If on account of a lacuna in the law or otherwise the assessee is able to avoid payment of tax within the letter of law, it cannot be said the action is void because it is intended to save payment of tax. So long as the law exists in its present form, the taxpayer is entitled to take its advantage. We find no ground to accept the contention that merely because the gift was made with the purpose of saving payment of wealth tax, it needs to be ignored.”

5.

Orissa High Court13

“It has to be borne in mind that an assessee may be bad enough, but there is no reason why the assessing authorities must be worse and must not conform to the requirements of law in making a best judgment assessment. Observance of the rule of law is of vital importance and is compulsory not only for those who are to obey the law, but also for those who are to enforce the same.”

6.

Allahabad High Court14

“Law does not take notice of trifles.”

7.

Supreme Court15

“The order of the higher judicial authority should be followed by the sub-ordinate authority.”

8.

Delhi High Court16

“The need for consistency of approach and uniformity in the exercise of judicial discretion respecting similar causes and the desirability to eliminate occasions for grievances of discriminatory treatment require that all similar matter should receive similar treatment.”

9.

Gujarat High Court17

“Officers of the department must not take advantage of ignorance of an assessee as to his rights. It is one of their duties to assist a taxpayer in every reasonable way, particularly in the matter of claiming and securing reliefs and in this regard the officers should take the initiative in guiding a taxpayer where proceedings or other particulars before them indicate that some refund or relief is due to him. This attitude would, in the long run, benefit the department, for it would inspire confidence in him that he may be sure of getting a square deal from the department. Although, therefore, the responsibility for claiming refunds and reliefs rest with the assessees on whom it is imposed by law.”

10.

Supreme Court18

“It is well settled that no man should suffer because of the fault of the Court or delay in the procedure. Broom has stated the maxim actus curiae neminem gravabit – an act of Court shall prejudice no man.”

 


1. 52 DSTC page J-64

2. 38 DSTC pages 60-74

3. (1978) 2 ELT (J-345)

4. AIR 1958 SC 667

5. (2001) 252 ITR 333-335 (Rajasthan)

6. (1980) 124 ITR 44 (P.& H.)

7. (2003) 145 STC 91 (para 44)

8. (1977) 106 ITR 1-10 (last para)

9. Pannalal Binjraj v. UOI (1957) 31 ITR 565-597

10. CIT West Bengal I v. Simon Carves Ltd. (1976) 105 ITR 212

11. Union of India & Ors. v. Playworld Electronics Pvt.Ltd. & Anr. (1990) 184 ITR 308

12. CGT v. Satya Nand Munjal (2002) 256 ITR 516-528

13. Larsen & Toubro Ltd. v. State of Orissa (1998) 111 STC 75-77 para 6

14. Dhigra Mechanical Works (1972) 29 STC 238 (1971) UPTC 821

15. Union of India v. Kamalakshi Finance Corp.Ltd. AIR 1992 SC 711

16. Deeksha Suri v. I.T.A.T. (Delhi) (1998) 232 ITR 395-396

17. Choksi Metal Refinery v. C.I.T. (1977) 107 ITR 63-71

18. Atma Ram Mittal v. Ishwar Singh Punia (1988) 4 SCC 284

H. L. Taneja
Advocate

My Beloved Members,

THANKSGIVING

AND

PLEASE GRANT ME LEAVE TO ENABLE THE NEW PRESIDENT TO TAKE CHARGE OF PRESIDENT’S OFFICE FOR NEW YEAR 2016-17

‘Time and Tide’ doesn’t wait for anybody. So, it is time for me to lay down the office of the President of our august Federation for my successor. Parting company with fellow dear brothers is always painful. But you have to bear the same because the glass of life is a mixture blended with joy and pain. Hence, by sharing the same, everyone’s life goes on.

I am aware of the fact that due to my prolonged illness during the term of my office, I could not devote my time and energy for discharging the responsibilities of the Federation. However, due to decentralised structure of services of our Federation into five Zonal Committees and the supervisory role of the National Committee, they ably shared the vacuum of my absence and gave me courage and blessings to overcome my illness. And with God’s blessings too the ship of my life sailed smoothly.

I am therefore extremely grateful and indebted to these committees for sharing the workload efficiently in a time bound manner. Thus, the Federation in time of difficulty proved that in the absence of a main leader, it can ably carry out the services as well as of National Integration of Tax Professionals.

The motto of the Federation is to achieve Excellence without compromising on Ethics and Education. I am confident that my successor too will follow the footprints of our past Presidents and make an honest attempt to develop a strong Tax Bar for our country, keeping in mind the ensuing GST Regime and take forward the Bar to compete in International Tax Practice.

Apart from the above, through this monthly message, I have always maintained that tax practice is our bread and butter, but that itself is not enough to purposefully live our life. Hence, other than tax, I had focused your kind attention upon a number of issues affecting our life. Now, in this parting message, I would like to share with you a very important issue viz. ‘Climate Change’ which has affected the entire world. Recently, in Paris Conference, world leaders deliberated the ill effects of climate change on our life, but could not reach accord how to resolve the said issue, said the Green Groups countries. To illustrate the gamut of this problem, please note the following facts – how clean air is vanishing and pollution monster across the world is replacing the same.

(a) In 1960 decade, globally, carbon discharged in the air was 4.5%. In 2010, it increased to 5.9% as per information given by World Trade Organisation. Meantime, in the following five years, it must have further increased.

(b) China to achieve accelerating rate of growth, increased its use of coal so much so that its carbon discharged in the air reached 48% to achieve its export target of goods. At present, out of the 100% world discharge of carbon in the air, 70% discharge is accounted for by China itself.

(c) In America to generate electricity, 40% electricity is obtained by burning coal of which entire production of coal is controlled by politicians only.

(d) Thus, the politicians and businessmen across the world are fully responsible for causing climate pollution and pure air, by and large, is not available for human body across the world. In this context, you may have read that Delhi is the most polluted city in India followed by Mumbai.

Against the above background, I appeal to the incoming President, to consider whether other problems, such as the above, may be given due attention by the Federation.

I take this opportunity and express my sincere thanks to all the stakeholders, particularly the past Presidents and the Journal Committee Members including Chief Editor, in running the Federation and co-operating with me during the term of my office. In particular, I must thank the office staff of the Federation’s office at Mumbai, who have always put in lot of hard work in running the office and thereby efficiently serving the members across the country.

By praying motherland “Jai Hind!” I take your leave!!

With best wishes and warmest regards,

J. D. Nankani
National President

STEP towards ease of doing Business

To give the Indian economy boost the Hon’ble Prime Minister Mr. Narendra Modi had announced one of the avowed object “Ease of doing business”. To fulfil the above object various decisions have been taken by the Government of India and Central Board of Direct Taxes.

Ministry of Finance, Government of India has set up a committee with a view to simplify the provisions of the Income-tax Act, 1961 headed by Justice R. V. Easwar, (Retd.), former judge, Delhi High Court and former President ITAT. The terms of reference of the Committee are as follows:

i) To study and identify the provision/phrases in the Act which are leading to litigation due to different interpretations;

ii) To study and identify the provisions which are impacting the ease of doing business;

iii) To study and identify the areas and provisions of the Act for simplification in the light of the existing jurisprudence;

iv) To suggest alternatives and modifications to the existing provisions and areas so identified to bring about predictability and certainty in tax laws without substantial impact on the tax base and revenue collection.

As per press release dated October 27, 2015, the first batch of recommendation would have to be submitted before January 31, 2016 to the said Committee.

In pursuance of the said press release we have submitted representation to the said Committee, suggesting many amendments to the Act.

Further, CBDT vide Circular No. 21/2015 [F. No. 279/misc. 142/2007 – ITJ (Pt)] dated December 10, 2015 has revised monetary limits for filing of appeals by the Department before Income-tax Appellate Tribunal and High Courts and SLP before the Supreme Court. The purpose is to reduce the pendency of litigation before the above authorities. The limits stated in the said circular is as under, and applicable retrospectively i.e. applicable to the pending matters.

Sr. No. Appeals in Income tax matters Monetary Limit
(in Rs.)

1.

Before Appellate Tribunal

10,00,000/-

2.

Before High Court

20,00,000/-

3.

Before Supreme Court

25,00,000/-

Recently, CBDT has also issued instruction bearing No. 16 of 2015 dated November 6, 2015 wherein Board has directed the Principal Chief Commissioner as well as all Chief Commissioners to pass orders granting or refusing registration under section 12AA of the Act within six months from the end of the month in which the application was received either under section 12A or section 12AA of the Act. This limit is to be strictly followed as the word in the section is “shall”. Similar instructions should also be issued for disposing of the application under section 10(23C) and/or section 154 of the Act or under other provisions of the Act, where word “shall” has been used.

Further, CBDT has also issued instruction bearing No. F. No. 279/Misc 53/2003-ITJ dated June 19, 2015, wherein it has reiterated that Instruction No. 20/2003 dated December 23, 2003 should be strictly followed and Commissioner of Income-tax (Appeals) should issue orders within 15 days from the date of last hearing.

Furthermore, the CBDT has also issued Instruction No. 17 [F. No. 225/290/2015-ITA-II] dated November 9, 2015, wherein it has been emphasised that field authorities to be fair, objective and rational while framing scrutiny assessment order. To avoid tendency to frame high pitch and unreasonable assessment order a local committee to deal with taxpayers grievances be constituted consisting of three members, as prescribed in the said circular.

Similarly, many other instructions and circulars have been issued to strengthen the administration and facilitates the taxpayers, which is a good move from the CBDT. However, the past experience shows that the CBDT instructions and circulars are not followed strictly by the lower Revenue Authorities. Hence, it is necessary that CBDT may firmly monitor the above instructions/circulars so that harassment to the taxpayers could be reduced and to create confidence in the Department for doing ease of business.

We also suggest that the Tax Simplification Committee should consider that petition/application under sections 264 & 273A should be considered by the Commissioner of Income tax as expeditiously as possible and the order of the Commissioner of Income tax on the said petition/application be appealable to the Income-tax Appellate Tribunal and not to High Court so as to reduce the pending litigation in the High Court. Further, we also suggest that CBDT should issue instructions/circulars to clarify the doubt of the taxpayers that benefit of section 72A is available to companies other than the industrial company in case of genuine amalgamation and not to take the benefit of brought forward losses and unabsorbed depreciation, as doubt is created because of the judgment of the Madras High Court in ACIT v. Apollo Hospitals Enterprises Ltd. [300 ITR 167].

Lastly, Merry Christmas and Happy New Year, 2016 to all the readers.

H. N. Motiwalla
Member, Editorial Board

1. Registration of document – Time for presenting a document is 4 months: Registration Act, 1908 sec. 23

Documents were presented in office of Sub Registrar within four months of their execution. The office of Sub-Registrar took time to adjudicate stamp duty which was beyond four months prescribed by S. 23. It was held that if authorities take time to adjudicate stamp duty, petitioner cannot be made to face consequence of the delay. Time spent by Sub-Registrar in adjudicating stamp duty should not be held to detriment of petitioner in so far as registration of documents are concerned. Refusal of Sub- Registrar to register documents, not proper. Sub registrar directed to register documents in question.

Opal Builders P. Ltd. Mumbai v. State of Maharashtra & Ors. AIR 2016 (NOC) 113 (Bom.)

2. Registration of Document – Document actually effectuating partition : Registration Act, 1908 sec. 17

Unregistered Panchayat partitition deed is not memorandum of recording of past transactions but document effectuating partition of all family properties. Is inadmissible for want of registration and stamp duty. Document actually effectuating partition of all family properties are required to be registered compulsorily under Registration Act.

Venkataswamy & Ors v. Smt. Annemma AIR 2016 (NOC) 120 (Kar.)

3. Rights of lessor’s transferee – Statutory, attornment by tenant in favour of lessors transferee: Transfer of Property Act, 1882

Transfer of ownership of premises to respondent by previous lessor results in statutory attornment by tenant in favour of lessor’s transferee, i.e. the respondent. Jural relationship of landlord and tenant between transferee respondent therefore comes into existence. Transferee/steps in shoes of lessor/landlord and entitled to all rights of lessor/landlord . He is entitled to collect rent in terms of lease as of right and becomes
Rs.landlord’ under s. 3(e) of Rent Act. Tenant cannot dispute right of Transferee to maintain an eviction petition under Rent Act or to claim rent.

Vinod G. V. Jijabai Shrikant Jadhav AIR 2016 (NOC) 121 (Kar.)

4. Recovery of dues – Financial Corporation is deemed to be bank – Banker’s Book Evidence Act, 1891 sec 4

Financial Corporation is deemed to be bank for purpose of bankers book Evidence Act. Held that the certified copy of entries in loan ledger of corporation should be received as prima facie evidence in proceedings for recovery of dues.

Karnataka State Industrial Investment and Development Corporation, Bengaluru v. M/s. Prashanth Minerals Exports (P) Ltd. Bengaluru & Ors. AIR 2016 (NOC) 125 (Kar.)

5. Foreign Award – Objections to enforcement

Contract was entered into between parties for sale of white sugar. Contract starting with phrase
Rs.we confirm having sold to you’ suggesting contract had been entered into. Arbitration clause in contract clearly showing that disputes arising out of contract were to be referred to Association for settlement in accordance with Arbitration Rules. Judgment debtor having filed their written submissions before Tribunal, they had participated in Arbitration. Award not found to be against public policy of India. Moreover judgment debtor not taking any action in English Courts to set aside award. Judgment debtors application for oral hearing not entertained as they had not deposited requisite fees. Objections to enforcement of award, not tenable.

Bunge London Ltd. v. E. Piyarellal Import & Export Ltd. AIR 2016 (NOC) 68 Cal

6. Cancellation of allotment of flat on non payment of additional price would not amount to abuse of dominance by builder: Competition Act

Where complainant filed complaint against respondent builder for indulging in unfair trade practice and sought for possession of flat allotted to him by respondent, there was no unfair trade practice and Tribunal could not issue direction to respondent to deliver possession, because that would tantamount to specific performance of agreement.

Inder Mehta v. Pushpa Builders Ltd. (2015) 58 taxmann.com 212 (CAT – New Delhi).

7. Consumer Complaint – Registered Agreement to sale – Stipulated sale consideration – Held written note for any other amount for consideration not binding on parties – The Maharashtra Ownership Flats (Regulation of the Promotion, Construction, Sale Management and Transfer) Act, 196 (MOFA); Consumer Protection Act

In this case appellant Developer had entered in a registered agreement for sale of the flat with the respondent/complainant dated 9-5-2011. The said agreement stipulated a total price of the flat for
Rs. 10 lakh. Appellant developer admitted to have received only Rs. 10 lakh prior to execution of the agreement to sale whereas agreed consideration of the said flat was
Rs. 15.65 lakh and not Rs. 10 lakh as per a written note. The Opponent developer relied on the handwritten note.

The District Forum Kolhapur passed an order allowing the consumer complaint partly with directions to execute registered sale deed by complying with all the legal requirements for handing over possession of Unit No. B-2 admeasuring 58.55 sq mtrs. Aggrieved by the order passed by the District Forum, appellant preferred an appeal.

The Hon’ble State Consumers Disputes Redressal Commission Maharashtra Mumbai observed that agreement to sale has been executed and duly registered on 9-5-2011. As provided under the provisions of the MOFA and model agreement thereunder any provision inconsistent therewith is not binding on the parties. The written note dated 29-4-2011 is outside the registered agreement to sale. It was therefore held that the order passed by the District Forum is not inconsistent with the legal provisions and thus held that the appeal was unsustainable and was liable to dismissed.

Amey Developers Pro. Suresh Rajaram Dharmadhikari v. Vidya Mahesh Salokhe, [First Appeal No. A/15/958 dated 8-9-2015, State Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission, Mumbai]

8. Professional activity carried on in residential premises by lawyer – Levy of Property Tax – Activity of such kind cannot be termed as professional establishment and premises cannot be termed as business building within purview of Bye-law 9(b) – Levy of property tax on such premises – Not proper.[Delhi Municipal Corporation Act of 1957, Ss. 481, 2(3), 116A(f)

The Hon’ble High Court was considering a issue that whether user of portion of house for consultation work by lawyer and study by his son can be termed as professional establishment and premises can be termed as business building and levy of property tax on such premises was permissible or not.

The Hon’ble Delhi High Court in this case observed that there is a fundamental distinction between a professional establishment and professional activity.

The distinction between ‘professional activity and ‘professional establishment’ can be illustrated by the following example. A ‘professional’s office would be a ‘professional establishment’ when the usage of the office space is in excess of the conditions stipulated in Clause 15.8 of the MPD 2021 or if the said office is situated in a building designated as commercial or business in the MPD 2021 and Zonal Plan. In the opinion of this Court, a premise would not become business premise just because a lawyer read his office file or did some official work at his residence.

Thus, the High Court held that user of portion of house for consultation work by lawyer and study by his son cannot be termed as professional establishment and premises cannot be termed as business building and levy of property tax on such premises is illegal.

A. Classification of Service

Authorised Service Station Services

1. The Tribunal held that where the assessee, a service station authorised by a manufacturer of motor vehicles was also engaged in carrying out servicing of other manufacturer, the services pertaining to the other manufacturers would not be liable to service tax under the category of authorised service station services.

Sefeway Motors v. CCE (2015) 38 STR 1005 (Tri.-Mum.)

Banking and Other Financial Services

2. The Tribunal held that the assessee, engaged in collecting octroi on vehicle transporting goods into municipal limits and remitting the same to the Municipal Corporation, did not perform a cash management activity under the Banking and Other Financial services category. Further, it held that the assessee was neither a banking company nor a financial institution and the term ‘any other person’ appearing in the definition of the impugned service was to be read ‘ejusdem generis’ with the preceding words contained therein.

Mega Enterprises v. CCE & C – (2015) 40 STR 528 (Tri. – Mum.)

3. The Tribunal held that without client custodian relationship and without entrusting the securities for safekeeping, the services performed by the assessee viz. agency services for the sale of bonds issued by the RBI to the public do not merit classification under Banking and Financial services and were liable under Business Auxiliary service and therefore amounts received from the RBI could not be considered as custodial service.

ICICI Bank Ltd v. CST – 2015-TIOL-1983-CESTAT-MUM

4. The Tribunal held that commission earned by banks for the activity of receiving and paying money on behalf of the RBI / Government of India was not liable to service tax.

Union Bank of India v. CCE&ST – (2015) 40 STR 308 (Tri. – Mum.)

Broadcasting Agency services

5. The Tribunal held that where the assessee, an independent representative of

Hong Kong, engaged in the soliciting of television advertisements on behalf of

Hong Kong, sold time slots for advertisements in India, the service provided by it was taxable in India as the radio / television programme was received in India and was intended for viewership by Indian public inspite of the fact that the beaming / encryption took place outside India and the advertisers made direct payment to

Hong Kong in USD. It held that the assessee was a broadcasting agency under section 65(16) and was liable to service tax under the category of Broadcasting services. It further, held that the amount received directly by

Hong Kong was not exempt under notification Nos. 6 / 99 and 21 / 2003 since no payments were received in India and even if they were received in the India, they was subsequently repatriated outside India. The Tribunal also held that the amount received in USD by

Hong Kong could not be considered as exports as the condition of receipt of convertible foreign exchange in India was not satisfied.

India Pvt Ltd v. CCE – (2015) 38 STR 884 (Tri. – Mum.)

Business Auxiliary / Support Services

6. The Tribunal held that where the assessee, a mandap keeper service provider received a donation from the decorator to whom it had granted a monopoly right for decoration in its premises, no service had been rendered by the assessee on behalf of the decorator and hence the donation received by it was not liable to service tax under the category of Business Auxiliary Services.

CCE v. Jain Kalar Samaj (2015) 38 STR 995 (Tri. – Mum.)

7. The Tribunal held that as per the Master Service agreement relating to the loan given by the assessee to its subsidiary by way of inter-corporate deposit, no conclusion could be reached that the advance was towards consideration of business support services to be rendered and therefore could not be subject to service tax.

Reliance Infratel Ltd v. CST – (2015) 39 STR 829 (Tri.-Mum.)

8. The Tribunal held that the assessee, engaged in disbursing salaries to Government teachers on the direction of the Zilla Parishad was not covered under the category of Business Auxiliary services as such activity was not related to sale or purchase of goods or services. Further, it held that the said amount received by the assessee could not be termed as amount received as a commission agent.

Janta Sahakari Bank Ltd v. CCE – (2015) 39 STR 856 (Tri. – Mum.)

9. The Tribunal held that the activity of the assessee viz. facilitation of payment of octroi by filling up forms and presenting the same to the octroi officer for clearance did not amount to Business Auxiliary Services as it did not amount to dealing with or handling documents of title and further, the assessee did not have any authority to transfer title.

Trimurti Octroi Company v. CCE – (2015) 40 STR 152 (Tri. – Mum.)

10. The Tribunal held that service tax could not be levied on the manufacture of alcohol based medicine as the medicines were manufactured as per the Drugs & Cosmetics Act and were liable to excise duty.

Mistair Health & Hygiene Pvt Ltd v. CCE – (2015) 40 STR 148 (Tri. – Mum.)

11. The Tribunal held that promotion / marketing of Computer Reservation Systems provided to overseas entities by employing computer data processing was not covered under Business Auxiliary Services during the period 1-7-2003 to 30-4-2006.

Abacus Distrbution Systems (India) Pvt. Ltd. v. CST – (2015) 40 STR 190 (Tri. – Mum.)

12. The Tribunal held that the assessee, engaged in collecting toll on behalf of NHAI for which it received commission, was neither promoting nor marketing services of its client and did not render any service incidental or auxiliary on behalf of NHAI and therefore the toll collection services could not be covered under Business Auxiliary Services.

Ideal Road Builders Pvt. Ltd. v. CST – (2015) 40 STR 480 (Tri. – Mum.)

13. The Tribunal held that the activity of supervision of loading and dispatch of molasses and arranging information of molasses lifted was not liable to service tax under the category of Business Auxiliary Services.

Chaddha Paper Mills Ltd v. CCE – (2015) 40 STR 812 (Tri. – Del.)

14. The Tribunal held that the assessee, a distributor of a binary network company, who appointed further distributors to create a chain of distributors who were under the compulsion to buy products from the shopping section of the company, was not an independent trader but a commission agent under the category of Business Auxiliary Services.

Lalit Dongre v. CCE – (2015) 40 STR 486 (Tri. – Mum.)

15. In light of decision by Andhra Pradesh High Court in Karvy Securities v. Union of India 2006(2) STR-481 setting aside CBEC circular dated 5-11-2003 wherein it was clarified that marketing of mutual funds and bonds were Business Auxiliary Services, the Tribunal held that no service tax was leviable on the said services.

CST v. ABN Amro Bank – (2015) 40 STR 187 (Tri. – Del.)

16. The Tribunal held that the supply of fly ash by the assessee to cement and asbestos companies for the purpose of manufacture of cement could not be considered as rendering of business support services since the cement companies did not outsource any service from the appellant for use in their business and the consideration for supply of fly ash was for the sale of fly ash and not towards any services irrespective of the fact that the assessee collected it as ‘service charge’.

Mettur Thermal Power Station v. CCE & ST – (2015) 38 STR 606 (Tri. – Chennai)

Cargo Handling Service

17. The Court held that as per common parlance, cargo means load to be carried by a ship, plane, rail or truck and the organised activity of handling such load is cargo handling. It held that the activity carried out by the assessee i.e., loading, unloading, packing, unpacking, stacking, re-stacking etc. of sugar bags from the mill floor to the godown or from one godown to another within the factory did not constitute cargo handling services since there was no activity of loading or unloading of movement outside the factory on public road, ship etc.

CCE v. Manoj Kumar – (2015) 40 STR 35 (All.)

Clearing and Forwarding Agent

18. The Apex Court held that the assessee, engaged in supervision of coal loading in railway wagons at the colliery on behalf of coal purchasers was not liable to service tax under the category of Clearing and Forwarding Agency services since its main job was supervision of coal loading and there was no clearing by the assessee since the goods was not under any legal detention requiring clearing. It held that the services provided by the assessee did not amount to forwarding either since the destination of the goods was pre-determined and the railways transported the goods to the purchases as per mutual contracts, not requiring any instruction from the assessee as to the destination of dispatch and also based on the fact that the assessee did not take custody of the coal.

Coal Handlers Pvt Ltd v. CCE – (2015) 38 STR 897 (SC)

Construction Services

19. The Tribunal held that preconstruction anti-termite treatment services were not covered under the category of commercial or industrial construction services or construction of complex services.

Premier Pest Control Pvt. Ltd. vs. CST (2015) 38 STR 870 (Tri.-Del.)

20. The Tribunal held that repair and renovation work viz. mason work, plastering, painting etc. carried out by the assessee in respect of office premises was liable to service tax under the category of commercial or industrial construction services and held that the services covered under the said category were not merely confined to services undertaken in relation to new buildings and also applied to services provided in relation to a part of the building and not only to cases where the services were provided for the entire building.

Kala Sagar v. CCE – (2015) 38 STR 1017 (Tri. – Mum.)

21. The Tribunal held that laying of pipelines for lift irrigation systems for transmission of water or sewage disposal undertaken for the Government or Government undertakings and involving associated activities such as trenching, soil preparation, masonry work etc. was classifiable only under Commercial or Industrial Construction services up to 1-6-2007 and not under Erection, Commissioning or Installation Services but however, since the services were not primarily for commercial or industrial services, they did not fall under the aforesaid construction services.

Lanco Infotech Ltd. v. CC, CE & ST – (2015) 38 STR 709 (Tri. – LB)

22. The Tribunal held that the assessee, engaged in the construction of residential complex for the accommodation of employees of ITC Ltd. was not liable to service tax since the activity was covered under ‘personal use’ and therefore excluded from the definition. Further, it held that since the tax required to be paid was paid by the sub-contractors, there was no liability on the main contractor i.e., the assessee as per the relevant CBEC Circular.

Nithesh Estates Ltd v. CCE, ST & C – (2015) 40 STR 815 (Tri. – Bang.)

23. The Tribunal held that construction services provided by a sub-contractor to the main contractor who had in turn contracted with the Government of India for building residential complexes for the Delhi police, would not be considered as ‘commercial or industrial construction services’ since the services provided by the sub-contractor would also be considered as construction services in respect of a building used for non-commercial purposes. It held that merely because the construction was done by a sub-contractor, it would not change the nature of activity from non-commercial to commercial.

RB Chy Ruchi Ram Khattar & Sons v. CST – (2015) 38 STR 583 (Tri. – Del.)

Consulting Engineers Services

24. The Tribunal held that the activities of finalising vessels / ships for movement of men and material from an island to the mainland, overseeing progress of construction of vessel and conducting tests on various machinery of the ship were not covered under Consulting Engineer Services.

Shipping Corporation of India Ltd v. CCE – (2015) 40 STR 468 (Tri. – Mum.)

Goods Transportation Agency

25. The Tribunal held that the transportation of goods by individual truck owners without issue of consignment note would be simple transportation and not the service of Goods Transport Agency.

Bhima Sahakari Karkhana Ltd. v. CCE – 2015-TIOL-2134-CESTAT-MUM

Health and Fitness Service

26. The Tribunal held that the amount collected for conducting aerobics and yoga classes was liable to service tax under the category of Health and Fitness services in view of the decision in Osho International Foundation v. CCE (2015) 40 STR 530 (T).

Malabar Hill Citizen Forum v. CCE – (2015) 40 STR 480 (Tri. – Mum.)

Manpower recruitment and supply services

27. The Tribunal held that where the assessee was responsible for cutting sugarcane from the fields and delivering the same to the sugar factories either by availing services of labour provided by the sugar factories or the labour contractors, the services provided by the assessee to the sugar factories could not be considered as manpower recruitment services.

Shriram OOS Tod Majdoor Seva Sangh vs. CST (2015) 38 STR 1052 (Tri.-Mum.)

CCE v. Shriram Sao TVS Ltd. (2015) 39 STR 75 (Tri. – Mum.)

Market Research Agency Service

28. The Tribunal held that consultancy and professional services rendered by an IIT engineer for metal development could not be made liable for Service tax under Market Research Agency Services.

Metal Development Co v. CCE & ST – (2015) 40 STR 545 (Tri. – Mum.)

Outdoor Caterer Services

29. The Tribunal held that the activity of preparing meals as per a fixed menu and supplying it to various schools of Chandigarh Administration under the Mid-Day Meal scheme of the Government was not liable to service tax under the category of Outdoor Caterer Services.

Ambedkar Institute of Hotel Management v. CCE – (2015) 40 STR 823 (Tri. – Del.)

30. The Tribunal held that the assessee, a co-operative society running canteen service in the recipients premises and providing food, snacks etc. to the employees of the company was liable to service tax under the category of Outdoor Catering Services.

Alfa Laval (I) Ltd. Employees Co-op. Consumers Society v. CCE – (2015) 40 STR 255 (Tri. – Mum.)

Prospecting mineral oil service

31. The Tribunal held that the assessee, engaged in the activity of making preliminary exploration report, based on survey and detailed exploration report of mineral deposit for which they were paid grant-in-aid by the Government of India was not liable to service tax since no consideration had been paid by the Government to the assessee for undertaking the said work and what has been received from the Government was only the reimbursement of the actual expenses involved and also that the survey reports were retained by the assessee and not provided to the Government.

Mineral Exploration Corporation Ltd. v. CCE – (2015) 60 taxmann.com 227 (Tri. – Mum.)

32. The Court held that services provided by vessels for prospecting mineral oil consumed by Continental Shelf of India came into the tax net only after Notification No. 14 / 2010-ST came into effect.

Greatship (India) Ltd. v. CST – (2015) 39 STR 754 (Bom.)

Renting of Immovable Property

33. The Court held that the definition of the expression ‘renting of immovable property’ read with Explanation to section 65(105)(zzzz) of the Act included lease of various plots allotted by the assessee for business / commercial purposes and rent collected in respect of lease so executed was liable to service tax and that the period of lease was of no consequence. It further held that the Act makes no distinction between a statutory body and an individual and therefore activities which were not in the nature of a statutory activity for a consideration was liable to service tax if it fell under the scope of a taxable service.

Greater Noida Industrial Development Authority v. CCCE – (2015) 40 STR 95 (All.)

34. The Tribunal held that the definition of renting of immovable property service specifically excluded buildings used for accommodation, including hotels and therefore, the assessee was not liable to pay service tax on renting of a building for the purpose of running a hotel.

Ashok Enterprises v. CCEC & ST – (2015) 40 STR 584 (Tri. – Bang.)

35. The Court held that the scope of Renting of Immovable Property service was expanded to renting of vacant land or licence for business or commerce purposes and that in view of the exclusion of vacant land from the ambit of immovable property prior to 1-7-2010, it could not be said that the clause (105)(zzzz) was clarificatory and retrospective in nature.

CST v. Greater Noida Development Authority – (2015) 40 STR 46 (All.)

Storage and Warehousing Services

36. The Court held that staff deputed by the State Excise for the supervision of storage of foreign liquor to ensure compliance with the State excise laws did not provide services to the liquor contractors or the persons storing the liquor on behalf of the Government, but were in the nature of fees levied for supervision to ensure proper functioning of the warehouse, and therefore the demand of service tax on charges recovered by the staff under the category of Storage and Warehouse services was incorrect.

CCE&E v. State of Madhya Pradesh – (2015) 38 STR 954 (MP)

Telephone Services

37. The Tribunal held that club membership charges and club privilege charges received by RIL, which formed part of the scheme used for marketing the telephone services provided by the assessee could not be subject to service tax under the category of telephone services. RIL, who was permitted to market its own products along with the assessee, had remitted to the assessee, the tariff plans pertaining to the assessee’s telephone services on which service tax had been paid. The Tribunal observed that RIL was not a telegraph authority and accordingly did not fall under the scope of agent under section 65(7) and therefore the club membership fees and club privilege charges could not be included as telephone services as they were not incidental to the service of telephone connection. It also observed that the value of handsets supplied by RIL under the scheme was a sale of goods not liable to service tax.

CST vs. Reliance Infocomm Ltd. – (2015) 38 STR 558 (Tri-Mumbai)

Works contract Services

38. The Tribunal held that construction of canals for irrigation, construction or laying of pipelines for lift irrigation integrated into a dam project was to be classified as works contract in respect of dam and therefore excluded from the scope of Works Contract Services.

It further held that services relating to the construction of canals / pipelines / conduits to support irrigation, provided to the Government, executed under the turnkey mode would fall within the ambit of Works Contract Services but would not be chargeable to service tax since they are not for commercial or industrial purposes.

Additionally, it held that where the principal contract, in terms of an agreement with the contractee, assigns the entire works to a sub-contractor and such works is incorporated into the works on the property belonging to the contractee, the principal contractor could not be considered to have provided works contract services since the property passed from the sub-contractor to the contractee.

Lanco Infratech Ltd. vs. CC,CE&ST (2015) 38 STR 709 (Tri.-LB)

B. Valuation

39. The Apex Court held that section 65(105) of Finance Act, 1994 levies service tax only on contracts simplicitor and not on composite indivisible works contracts, and therefore where assessment machinery provisions were absent and the law was vague, it was arbitrary to levy service tax on indivisible composite works contracts. It held that the Parliament could only tax the service element and the States could only tax the transfer of property in goods and therefore the two elements had to be completely segregated or it would be unconstitutional.

CCE&C v. Larsen & Toubro Ltd. – (2015) 39 STR 913 (SC)

40. The Court held that levy of service tax on services provided by restaurants, hotel inns, guest houses, clubs etc. was on the service aspect of the transaction and not on the sale of goods.

Ballal Auto Agency v. UOI – (2015) 40 STR 51 (Kar.)

41. The High Court held that where there was no monetary consideration in the transaction, section 65 of the Finance Act, 1994 provided for various methods for valuation and it was for the assessee to establish the plea made by it, i.e., tax should be demanded on the basis of the cost of land for the 24 flats allotted by it to the land owner as the share equivalent of the land provided.

Southern Properties & Promoters v. CCE – (2015) 61 taxmann.com 423 (Mad.)

42. The Tribunal held that reimbursement of expenses was not includable while determining gross value of services, considering that the High Court in Intercontinental Consultants & Technocrats Pvt. Ltd. v. Union of India 2013 (29) STR 9 (Del.) struck down Rule 5(1) of the Valuation Rules, being ultra vires sections 66 and 67 of the Act.

Tetra Pack India Pvt. Ltd. vs. CCE – (2015) 39 STR 995 (Tri. – Mum.)

43. The Tribunal held that the demand computed by the Department on the value of oil and supply items on which VAT Payment had been made and which was clearly indicated in the invoice issued by the assesseee was unsustainable as it was outside the purview of service tax.

Technocrate Transformers v. CCE – (2015) 39 STR 996 (Tri. – Del)

C. CENVAT Credit

44. The Court held that towers and shelters were immovable property and therefore the assessee was not entitled to credit of duty paid on them.

Vodafone India Ltd v. CCE – (2015) 40 STR 422 (Bom.)

45. The Tribunal held that the term ‘any office’ contained in the definition of Input Service Distributor was not limited to physical boundaries only but was to be interpreted to include offices which distribute credit and therefore allowed the distribution of credit by the assessee’s Regional Office instead of Head Office.

India Cement Ltd. v. CCE – (2015) 40 STR 497 (Tri. – Chennai)

46. The Tribunal held that in the absence of registration as an input service distributor under Rule 3 of the Service Tax (Registration of Special Category of Persons) Rules, 2005, the zonal office of the bank could not pass on credit to their respective branches.

CCE&ST v. Punjab National Bank (2015) 38 STR 586 (Tri. – Del.)

47. The Tribunal held that printing for distribution of calendars, greeting cards and diaries on account of sales promotion and organising functions for giving rewards to persons providing innovative marketing ideas was a part of the business activity of the assessee.

Ultratech Cement Ltd. v. CCE – (2015) 40 STR 523 (Tri. – Del.)

48. The Tribunal allowed the assessee CENVAT credit of service tax on car parking availed at the Head office for parking cars of its management, being directly related to the business of manufacturing.

Goodyear India Ltd. v. CCE – (2015) 40 STR 546 (Tri. – Del.)

49. The Tribunal held that merely because the invoice issued by the service provider mentioned the service as IT Service as opposed to Management Consultancy Service, for which it was registered, the department was not correct in denying the assessee credit since there was no dispute that the service tax was deposited by the service provider. Further, it held that CENVAT credit of service tax paid on fees paid to the auditor for filing tax returns was admissible as the same had a direct nexus with running the business of the assessee.

Adecco Flexione Workforce Solution Pvt. Ltd. v. CCE & ST – (2015) 40 STR 564 (Tri. – Bang.)

50. The Tribunal held that the CENVAT credit availed by the assessee of service tax paid on inspection of safety fitness of its CNG cylinders was admissible since CNG could only be filled in those cylinders which were certified fit and therefore was integrally connected with the business of sale of CNG.

Mahanagar Gas Ltd. v. CCE – (2015) 40 STR 586 (Tri. – Mum.)

51. The Tribunal held that unless the CENVAT credit wrongly availed was utilised there would be no payment of interest.

TV Sundram Iyenger and Sons Ltd v. CCE – 2015-TIOL-2081-CESTAT-MAD

52. The Tribunal allowed CENVAT credit of service tax paid on rent of storage premises situated outside the factory since the premises were used in relation to the business activity and services being intangible in nature unlike inputs or capital goods was not liable to be confined to the factory premises for them to be considered as input services.

Vako Seals Pvt. Ltd. v. CCE – (2015) 40 STR 594 (Tri. – Mum.)

53. The Tribunal allowed CENVAT credit of service tax paid on security services provided at a guest house nearby used exclusively for the lodging of its employees and auditors while they rendered services to the assessee.

ISMT Ltd. v. CC&CE – (2015) 40 STR 596 (Tri. – Mum.)

54. The Tribunal allowed the assessee CENVAT credit of duty / service tax paid on inputs, capital goods and input services used for construction / erection of towers for use by the telecom companies.

Essar Telecom Infrastructure Pvt. Ltd. v. CST – (2015) 40 STR 591 (Tri. – Mum.)

55. The Tribunal held that where it was a statutory requirement of the assessee to maintain a garden and to provide food to its employees, credit on garden maintenance services and outdoor catering services was admissible. Further, it held that CENVAT credit on maintenance and repairs of factory and office relating to the factor was admissible.

Cargill India Pvt. Ltd. v. CCE, C&ST (2015) 38 STR 587 (Tri.-Bang.)

56. The Tribunal allowed credit of duty paid on cement and steel used in the construction of new jetties and other commercial buildings. It also held that amendment to Explanation 2 to Rule 2(k) was not clarificatory in nature as whenever the legislature wants to clarify the provision it clearly mentions so in the notification which was not so in the present case.

Mundra Ports & SEZ Ltd. v. CCE& C – (2015) 39 STR 726 (Guj)

57. The Tribunal held that where the assessee was a manufacturer and a service provider and had acquired separate registrations as a manufacturer and service provider, credit on input services used for providing output services could be utilised for the payment of excise duty as there was no restriction on such cross utilisation.

S. S. Engineers v. CCE (2015) 38 STR 614 (Tri. – Mum.)

58. The Tribunal held that credit distributed by the head office without input service distributor registration prior to the rules for registration coming into effect, was admissible since the credit pertained to the manufacturing activity of the assessee and procedural law is directory and not mandatory.

Pricol Ltd. v. CCE (2015) 38 STR 668 (Tri. – Chennai)

59. The Tribunal held that CENVAT credit of service tax paid on outward transportation of sugar to the railway station / load port was allowable since the railway station / port was the place of removal. Further, in relation to the transportation of dry sugar from the assessee’s factory to its sister concerns, it held that the CENVAT credit could have been taken either by the assessee or its sister concerns and therefore the claim made by the assessee was revenue neutral and did not have to be reversed.

Tatyasaheb KoreWarana S.S.K Ltd. v. CCE (2015) 38 STR 575 (Tri. – Mumbai)

60. The Tribunal held that credit of service tax paid on security services availed for protection of the factory was admissible being inextricably linked to the manufacturing facility. It further held that the credit of service tax on sales commission for sales promotion of the assessee’s products was admissible.

SAR Ispat Pvt. Ltd. v. CCE (2015) 38 STR 829 (Tri. – Chennai)

61. The Tribunal held that where it was the statutory obligation for the assessee to maintain a canteen for providing food to its employees and no amount was recovered from the employees, credit on outdoor catering services was admissible.

Further, it held that credit on rent-a-cab services used for transportation of passengers from their residence to the factory and vice versa, credit on outward transportation services for transportation of goods to the buyers place and credit of auction services for sale of waste and scrap arising in the course of manufacture was admissible, being a service integral to the manufacturing activity of the appellant.

As regards club and association services availed for officials visiting outside the city the Tribunal held it was admissible as the same was incurred in the course of business.

Mangalam Cements Ltd. v. CCE (2015) 38 STR 635 (Tri-Del.)

62. The Tribunal held that where the assessee had on account of its inability to correctly determine the service tax payable by it, discharged its service tax liability on an estimate basis and thereafter adjusted the excess service tax paid against its tax liability for subsequent months, the benefit of CENVAT credit could not be denied merely because the prescribed procedure was not followed.

BSNL v. CCE (2015) 38 STR 1182 (Tri. – Del.)

63. The Court held that the service of transportation of employees from their residence to the factory premises was an input service under the CENVAT Credit Rules.

CCE v. Federal Mogul Goetze (India) Ltd. – (2015) 39 STR 735 (P&H)

64. The Tribunal held that credit of service tax paid in respect of a windmill farm located at a distance of 100 kms. from the manufacturing unit was not admissible since neither the power generated at the windmill farm could be termed as an intermediate product nor could it be termed as captive consumption of electricity for the manufacture of final product.

Rajshanti Metals Pvt. Ltd. v. CCE – (2015) 39 STR 875 (Tri. – Ahd.)

65. The Tribunal held that credit availed on input services received at the unregistered branch for the purpose of providing output services, by the centralized office on the basis of documents pertaining to the said branch office which was subsequently registered was to be allowed. Further, it held that the disallowance of credit in respect of invoice for telephone services raised in the directors name but having mention of the office address, was uncalled for.

Ketan Motors Ltd. v. CCE – (2015) 39 STR 858 (Tri. – Mum.)

66. The Court held that catering, photography and mandap keeper services availed by the assessee for the celebrations hosted for passing out of its students and the repair of vehicle and other travelling expenses incurred in relation thereto were not relatable to commercial training and coaching services and therefore credit was inadmissible.

Bansal Classes v. CCE & ST – (2015) 30 STR 967 (Raj.)

67. The Tribunal held that the definition of input service provided under Rule 2(1) of the CENVAT Credit Rules, 2004 specifically included services “in relation to setting up, premises of provider of output service or an office relating to such premises” and accordingly, the services used for setting up the stadium such as Architect Services, Consulting Engineers Services, Management Consultancy Services were eligible input services.

Maharashtra Cricket Association v. Commissioner of Central Excise – 2015-TIOL-2418-CESTAT-MUM

68. The Tribunal held that where the assessee has paid service tax to service provider, CENVAT credit is available to service receiver without finding whether service tax paid by him to service provider stands deposited in the Government treasury.

Adecco Flexione Workforce Solutions Ltd. v. CCE – (2015) 40 STR 288 (Tri. – Bang.)

69. The Tribunal held that outdoor catering service was an eligible input service irrespective of whether subsidised food was provided or not or whether the cost of the food was given by the worker or by the factory and even if there was no statutory requirement of provision of food to workers in the factory.

Paramount Communication Ltd. v. CCE – (2015) 40 STR 265 (Tri. – Del.)

70. The Tribunal held that CENVAT Credit was admissible in accordance with Rule 3 of the Rules and therefore, credit on input services availed for the trading activities of the assessee, not being an output services was not admissible. It further held that since the assessee had not disclosed the input service credit in relation to the trading activity in its ST-3 returns, it amounted to a suppression of facts and therefore the extended period of limitation was correctly invoked.

Synise Technologies Ltd. v. CCE – (2015) 30 STR 903 (Tri. – Mum.)

71. The Tribunal disallowed the claim of CENVAT credit in the present case as the assessee had taken credit as a manufacturer at its Pune factory and utilised the same for discharging service tax liability on renting of immovable property at Mumbai. It held that there being no nexus of input credit with output service, CENVAT credit was inadmissible.

Dai Ichi Karkaria Ltd. v. CCE – (2015) 40 STR 275 (Tri. – Mum.)

72. The Larger Bench of the Tribunal held that Erection, Commission or Installation Service and Management, Maintenance or Repair Service used by windmills for generation of electricity away from the factory premises which was used in the factory are input services.

Parry Engg. Electronics Pvt. Ltd. v. CCE – (2015) 40 STR 243 (Tri. – LB)

73. The Tribunal held that a manufacturer of goods was entitled to avail CENVAT credit on services availed in setting up the factory.

CCE v. Technico Industries Ltd – (2015) 40 STR 259 (Tri. – Del.)

74. The Tribunal held that the assessee was eligible to claim CENVAT Credit of service tax paid on construction of manufacturing plant and rental of immovable property on which its plant was erected as the final product of the assessee could not have been manufactured without the factory and the land on which it was constructed thereby falling under the definition of input service.

CCE v. Bellsonica Auto Components India Pvt. Ltd. – (2015) 40 STR 41 (P&H)

75. The Tribunal allowed CENVAT credit on outdoor catering services for canteens as it was essential to run the business of the assessee, garden maintenance services as it was statutorily required, event management services as it was essential to the business being incurred at opening and ceremonial occasions and brokerage services incurred for finding residential accommodation for its employees thereby ensuring availability of staff.

Gateway Terminals India Pvt. Ltd. v. CCE (2015) 39 STR 1027 (Tri. – Mum.)

76. The Tribunal held that the definition of input services containing the terms ‘directly’, ‘indirectly’ and ‘in relation to’ was wide enough to include consulting engineer services used in the development and manufacture of vehicle prototypes used for the ultimate manufacturing activity of the assessee. Accordingly, it allowed the assessee’s claim of CENVAT credit of service tax paid on the aforesaid service.

Tata Motors Ltd. v. CCE – (2015) 40 STR 269 (Tri. – Mum.)

77. The Tribunal held that there was no provision in Rule 6(3) of the CENVAT Credit Rules stating that if the assessee did not opt for any option at any particular time, then Rule 6(3A)(i) providing for payment of 5 per cent of the value of exempted services was automatically applicable. It held that there was no time limit to exercise the option though the intention to avail a particular option was to be made before the actual availing of the option.

Mercedes Benz India Pvt. Ltd. v. CCE – (2015) 40 STR 381 (Tri. – Mum.)

78. The Tribunal allowed the assessee’s claim of CENVAT credit of service tax paid on construction of dormitories / residential colony since the assessee’s manufacturing activities were continuous and the factory was located in a remote area, therefore requiring the aforesaid construction to ensure continuity of business.

CCE v. Bajaj Hindustan Ltd. – (2015) 40 STR 379 (Tri.-Del.)

79. The Court held that if the assessee had paid tax on a non-taxable service that he was not liable to pay, the availing of CENVAT credit on such tax paid cannot be termed as illegal and accordingly dismissed the Revenue’s appeal.

CCE&ST v. Tamil Nadu Petroproducts Ltd. – 2015-TIOL-2600-HC-MAD-CX

80. The Tribunal allowed CENVAT credit of service tax paid on security services, pest control and repair and maintenance of coolers in the employee’s residence colony as well as service tax paid on the maintenance of river pump and security service in relation to the guest house of the assessee.

Ultratech Cement Ltd. v. CCE – (2015) 40 STR 284 (Tri. – Mum.)

81. The Tribunal held that where the assessee had paid service tax on output transportation services twice, once in cash and another by utilising CENVAT credit, it was correct in subsequently taking suo motu credit of the double utilisation.

JK Lakshmi Cement Ltd. v. CCE&ST – (2015) 40 STR 618 (Tri. – Del.)

82. The Tribunal allowed CENVAT credit of service tax paid on freight inward, telecommunication, security service, insurance, consultancy and courier services as the said services were used in the manufacture of excisable goods in the course of business.

CCE v. SKH Metals Ltd. – (2015) 40 STR 690 (Tri. – Del.)

83. The Tribunal held that if service tax was paid by service provider and service receiver was eligible for CENVAT credit, responsibility to examine correctness of service tax paid by service provider was not cast upon the service receiver. Accordingly, relying on various decisions, the Tribunal allowed CENVAT Credit in spite of the fact that the service provider was registered for installation and commissioning services and the service availed was that of equipment rent.

India Vision Satellite Communications Ltd. v. CCE, C & ST – (2015) 39 STR 698 (Tri. – Bang.)

84. The Tribunal held that CENVAT credit of service tax paid on construction services used for construction of hostel/quarters for employees being in relation to manufacturing business was admissible.

Mahindra Ugine Steel Co.Ltd v. CCE – 2015-TIOL-1716-CESTAT-MUM

85. The Tribunal held that services of general insurance for group and medical policies were in respect of the employees and as per the statutory provisions under the Factory Act and therefore were allowable. Further, it held that in respect of bills in personal name, the expenditure towards the bills was booked in the assessee’s account and therefore the credit claimed was allowable.

CST v. FIL Capital Advisors India Pvt. Ltd. – (2015 – TIOL – 2106 – CESTAT – MUM)

86. Where the assessee’s head office was centrally registered for service tax and as a Input Service Distributor, the Tribunal held that availing of and distribution of credit pertaining to services received at the assessee’s branch office by the Head Office was legal and proper in view of the facts that the Branch office had no separate accounting system and the branch accounts formed part of the Head Office accounts.

Mahindra & Mahindra Ltd. v. CCE (2015) 38 STR 830 (Tri.-Mumbai)

D. Others

Appeal

87. The Court held that even if the assessee has alternate remedy to file appeal before the Tribunal, writ is maintainable since there is a provision of mandatory pre-deposit before filing appeal.

Dileep Kumar V.S. v. Union of India – (2015) 39 STR 972 (Ker.)

88. The Court held that the Service Tax Voluntary Compliance Encouragement Scheme was not an independent code and was part and parcel of the Finance Act 1994 and that all provisions of the Act including those relating to appeals would be applicable unless specifically excluded.

Narasimha Mills Pvt. Ltd. v. CCE – (2015) STR 795 (Mad.)

89. The Court held that even if the assessee did not comply with the provisions of pre-deposit as per the stay order at first but had done so belatedly, the appeal could not be dismissed without hearing on merits.

Top Security Ltd. v. CCE & ST – (2015) 39 STR 964 (Bom.)

90. The Court held that dismissal of delayed appeal by Commissioner (Appeals) for want of application for condonation of delay was valid and that the assessee could not contend that the Commissioner was to point out the defect in filing appeal.

Adhunik Power Transmission Ltd. v. UOI – [2015] 61 taxmann.com 124 (Jharkhand)

91. The High Court observed that as per section 85(3A) of the Finance Act, 1994, the appeal had to be presented within two months from the date of receipt of the order. Relying upon section 35-O of the Central Excise Act, 1944, it held that for computing the period of limitation prescribed for an appeal, the day on which the order was served has to be excluded and that in the instant case the delay of two days was not too fatal and a liberal approach should have been adopted while handling the matter and the matter therefore, was remanded to decide the appeal on merits.

Rotomac Global Pvt. Ltd. v. CCE – (2015) 60 taxmann.com 181 (All.)

92. The Court held that the delay by the Commissioner in passing the order after almost 22 months of the date of personal hearing was contrary to public interest. Considering the number of files and matters pending, the Court ordered the Commissioners to place on record complete data and figures of the pending cases with the time required to dispose of these cases.

M/s. S2 Infotech Pvt. Ltd. v. The Union of India & Ors. – 2015-TIOL-1888-HC-MUM-ST

93. The Court held that the adjudicating authorities were to follow the order of Larger Bench unless the factual situation of the case calls for different interpretation of law.

Muthoot Finance Ltd. v. Union of India – (2015) 40 STR 26 (Ker.)

94. The High Court upheld the order of the Tribunal extending the stay granted to the assessee due to failure to dispose of the appeal within 365 days of the stay order considering the large volume of cases pending before the few number of Tribunal benches.

CCE v. Chotelal Virendra Kumar – (2015) 39 STR 721 (Raj.)

Demand / Extended Period

95. The Supreme Court relying on the decision of Commissioner of Central Excise, Ahmedabad v. Asarwa Mills [2015 (319) ELT 216 (SC) held that the appellant cannot be faulted with for adopting a valuation mechanism prior to the issuance of the clarificatory circular, clarifying the manner of valuation of captively consumed goods and therefore since there was no misdeclaration or misstatement, the extended period invoked by the Department for non-inclusion of certain costs in arriving at the value for captive consumption, was not invokable.

Greaves Ltd v. CCE & C – (2015) 322 ELT 772 (SC)

96. The Court held that that recovery u/s. 87 of the Finance Act, 1994, could be resorted to only after an amount was adjudicated to be due to the Central Government and therefore could not be adopted by the Department without issuance of a demand notice. Accordingly, the proceedings were quashed.

Gopala Builders v. Directorate General of Central Excise Intelligence – 2015-TIOL-2451-HC-AHM-ST

97. The Tribunal held that Notification No. 14/2004-ST providing exemption under Business Auxiliary Service to four industries viz. agriculture, printing, textile processing and education applied to the assessee who was engaged in manufacture and export of textile products and therefore commission paid to the overseas agents to promote export sales was an activity incidental or auxiliary to processing of textile goods and covered by Clause (d) of the notification. Accordingly, it was held that the benefit of exemption Notification No. 14/2004 was available and the demand of service tax under reverse charge was set aside.

Texyard International v. CCE – (2015) 60 taxmann.com 394 (Tri. – Chennai)

Export of Services

98. The Court held that where the assessee was engaged in providing steamer agency services to foreign entities during the period wherein the exemption for receipts in foreign exchange was not in force, the services rendered would not be liable to service tax even in the absence of such exemption, since the recipient of the services was located abroad and the consideration was received by the assessee in convertible foreign exchange, therefore amounting to an export of services.

CST v. Maersk India Pvt. Ltd. – (2015) 38 STR 1121 (Mum.)

99. The Tribunal held that the assessee, who procured orders from Indian customers for overseas manufacturers in consideration of commission from the overseas manufacturers, was not liable to service tax since the services could not be considered as services provided in India.

ATE Enterprises Pvt. Ltd. v. CST – (2015) 39 STR 81 (Tri. – Mum.)

100. The Tribunal held that the assessee, engaged in preparing feasibility reports and sending them abroad to enable foreign investors to decide on investments in India was an export of service as the service was utilised outside India and the remuneration for services was received in convertible foreign exchange.

Mount Kellett Management I Pvt. Ltd. v. CST – (2015) 40 STR 165 (Tri. – Mum.)

101. The Tribunal, relying on the decision of Vodafone Essar Cellular Ltd. v. CCE – (2013) 31 STR 738 (Tri.) held that were the assessee provided services to its principals located outside India by marketing their products in India, it would be considered as an export of services since the recipient was located outside India.

CST v. Bayer Material Science Pvt. Ltd. – (2015) 38 TR 1206 (Tri. – Mum.)

Penalty / Interest

102. Where the assessee, a telephone service provider had collected amounts for fixed wireless service from the subscriber by way of adjustment against security deposits and had failed to pay service tax on the same but duly paid the tax and interest before the issue of show cause notice, the Tribunal deleted the penalty imposed by the Department relying on CCE v. Adecco Flexione Workforce Solutions Ltd. – (2012) 26 STR 3 (Kar.)

CST vs. Reliance Infocomm Ltd. (2015) 38 STR 558 (Tri. – Mumbai)

103. The Tribunal held that where the payment arising out of CENVAT discrepancies pointed out in the course of Audit conducted by the Central Excise team was made by the assessee along with interest and without contesting it further, the show cause notice for levy of penalty could not be issued.

Racold Thermo Ltd. v. CCE – [2015] 61 taxmann.com 244 (Mumbai)

104. The Court held that where refund ordered was paid by the Department to the assessee, withholding interest thereon considering that if interest is also paid, the appeal before the Supreme Court would be rendered infructuous was not the correct understanding of law.

Tahnee Heights Co-op. Housing Society Ltd. v. The Union of India – 2015- TIOL-1828-HC-MUM-ST

105. Where the assessee had taken CENVAT credit on the basis of xerox copies of invoices but did not argue against the demand before the Tribunal and the adjudicating authority had not quantified the penalty u/r. 15(4) of the CENVAT Credit Rules, 2004 with reasons, the Tribunal condoned the penalty.

Pricol Ltd. v. CCE (2015) 38 STR 668 (Tri.-Chennai)

106. The Court held that waiver of penalty u/s. 80 for delayed payment of taxes may not be available on the sole ground of financial hardship and that penalty was imposable even in cases where tax is paid before issuance of show cause notice.

Bootleggers Island v. CESTAT – (2015) 39 STR 569 (Mad.)

107. The High Court held that section 80 opens with non obstante clause and therefore once the assessee proves that there was reasonable cause for the said failure, section 80 starts to operate insulating imposition of all the penalties stated therein viz. penalties u/s. 76, 77 and 78 of the Finance Act, 1994

Akbar Travels of India Pvt. Ltd. v. CCE – (2015) 60 taxmann.com 152 (Ker.)

108. The Tribunal held that mere taking credit without utilising the same will not attract interest as well as penalty and therefore where the assessee had wrongly availed CENVAT credit but not utilised the same, no penalty or interest was applicable. It held that the amendment to Rule 14 of the CENVAT Credit Rules, 2004 substituting “taken or utilised” by the term “taken and utilised” for the levy of interest being clarificatory in nature would apply retrospectively.

Tilaknagar Industries Ltd v. CCE – 2015 – TIOL – 1628 – CESTAT – MUM.

109. The Tribunal held that where the assessee regularly paid service tax under reverse charge on certain input services but failed to pay tax on a few transactions owing to oversight, which was paid subsequently, the imposition of penalty under sections 77 and 78 of the Act were not warranted especially considering the fact that the assessee would be eligible to avail CENVAT credit of the tax paid. However, it imposed interest on the delayed payment, dismissing the argument of revenue neutrality.

Forbes Marshall Pvt. Ltd. v. CCE – (2015) 38 STR 843 (Tri.-Mumbai)

Refund and rebate

110. The Tribunal held that refund was to be granted on the basis of CENVAT credit available in the CENVAT account and not on the basis of closing balance of CENVAT Credit shown in the ST-3 returns and since the correct balance was disclosed in the revised returns, it dismissed the rejection of the refund claim made by the Department for non-mention of CENVAT closing balance in ST-3 returns.

Serco Global Services Pvt. Ltd. v. CCE – (2015) 39 STR 892 (Tri. – Del.)

111. The Tribunal held that refund of CENVAT and availment of CENVAT credit for want of registration at the time of exports could cannot be rejected and that subsequent registration shall also be considered sufficient compliance for refund of CENVAT credit.

Embitel Technologies (India) Pvt. Ltd. v. CST – (2015) 39 STR 612 (Tri. – Bang.)

112. The Tribunal held that the service receiver may claim refund of wrong service tax paid by service provider even when the same is not shown separately on the invoice, provided the service provider had discharged service tax considering receipts to be inclusive of the service tax.

Abraham Pothen v. CCE – (2015) 39 STR 676 (Tri. – Bang.)

113. The Tribunal held that registration with the Department was not a pre-requisite for claiming refund when there was no such stipulation in Rule 5 of the CENVAT Credit Rules and therefore dismissed the rejection of refund claim by the Department on the ground of non-registration of the assessee.

Dorling Kindersley India Pvt. Ltd. v. CCE&ST – (2015) 40 STR 598 (Tri. – Del.)

114. The Tribunal allowed refund of service tax paid on legal services obtained in relation to filing of State tax returns of a branch office of the assessee in the USA.

HCL Comnet System & Services Ltd. v. CCE – (2015) 40 STR 621 (Tri. – Del.)

115. The Tribunal held that the assessee could not be denied of its claim of refund of service tax on export of services since the FIRC clearly specified that the payment was received in convertible foreign exchange which satisfies the conditions prescribed in Rule 3(ii) of the ESR, 2005. Further, it held that since the issue of admissibility of input services such as security and air travel services was not raised in the show cause notice, denial of refund on those grounds was unsustainable.

Sun-Area Real Estate Pvt. Ltd. v. CST – (2015) 39 STR 897 (Tri. – Mum.)

116. The Tribunal held that contribution to expenses could not be deemed to be consideration for any identified service rendered by the assessee, a club, to its members by way of access to the facilities or advantage. However, if the payments were specifically attributable to such facility, advantage or service, the subscription would be taxable. Accordingly, it allowed the refund claim of service tax paid under protest on entrance fees received by the assessee.

Cricket Club of India Ltd. v. CST – [2015] 62 taxmann.com 2 (Mumbai – CESTAT)

117. The Tribunal held that where the assessee had paid full service tax on Inland Haulage charges and GTA charges (input services used in exportation of goods), the full amount of service tax was refundable as per Notification No. 17/2009. As regards ocean freight, onward carriage charges and terminal handling charges for delivering goods to the destination of the buyer outside India, it dismissed the contention of the Revenue that these services were availed outside India since the charges would form part of the price of goods in question and the ownership of the goods remained with the assessee till delivery. It also allowed refund on service tax paid on courier charges paid by the supplier of service, recovered from the assessee.

Polyplex Corporation Ltd. v. CCE – (2015) 38 STR 821 (Tri.-Delhi)

118. The Tribunal held that, as per Section 51 of the SEZ Act, the refund claim filed by the assessee could not be rejected where there was a delay in filing of Refund claim owing to delay in obtaining approvals under the SEZ Act.

Mahindra Engineering Services Ltd. v. CCE – (2015) 38 STR 841 (Tri.-Mumbai)

119. The Tribunal held that the assessee was entitled to refund claim of the unutilised CENVAT credit pertaining to service tax on input services used for providing investment advisory services to Greater Pacific Capital LLP, located outside India as it amounted to export of services.

CST v. Greater Pacific Capital Pvt. Ltd. – (2015) 38 STR 656 (Tri.-Mumbai)

120. The Court held that where the assessee wrongly paid service tax on Architectural services provided for the construction of building in Sri Lanka under the Account head “Service Tax” through TR-6 challan meant for payment of service tax, the contention of it to be a deposit was not sustainable and held that refund claims filed beyond the statutory period of limitation was not tenable even if tax was paid under mistake of law.

ACST v. Natraj & Venkat Associates – (2015) 40 STR 31 (Mad.)

121. The Court held that the relevant date for calculating the time limit for grant of refund would be the date of receipt of consideration and not the date of provision of services.

CCCE & ST v. Hyundai Motor India Engg. Pvt. Ltd. – (2015) 39 STR 984 (AP)

122. The Tribunal held that the limitation period for refund claim was to be counted from the date of refund claim filed electronically and not from the physical submission of documents.

The Design Consortium v. CCE – (2015) 40 STR 734 (Tri. – Del.)

123. The Tribunal held that the assessee was not entitled to refund merely upon accumulation, but only after it makes an attempt to utilise the credit for payment of service tax / excise duty. It held that the assessee would qualify for refund on accumulation only in the case of export of services and the inability to utilise the same for its domestic business. Accordingly, it held that there was no time limit to apply for refund claim under Rule 5 of the CENVAT Credit Rules, 2004.

Affinity Express India Pvt. Ltd. v. CCE – (2015) 40 STR 808 (Tri. – Mum.)

124. The Tribunal held that where the assessee had provided services within the Mangalore Commissionerate but claimed refund of service tax in the Bangalore Commissionerate, the assessee was to approach the Mangalore Commissionerate and that the date of filing refund before the Bangalore Commissionerate was to be taken as the date of filing.

Sahara Power Products v. CCE – (2015) 40 STR 536 (Tri. – Bang.)

125. The Tribunal held that since CBEC Circular No. 120 / 1 / 2010 –ST clarified that CENVAT credit refund of past period in subsequent quarters shall be allowed specifically for 100 per cent exporter of services irrespective of the date of CENVAT credit taken and also since the assessee could not use the credit of input service for the exports, it allowed the refund claim.

Ionnor Solutions Pvt. Ltd. v. CCE & ST – (2015) 39 STR 698 (Tri. – Del.)

126. The Tribunal disallowed the refund claimed by the assessee as the assessee had debited the amount of tax paid to its profit and loss account implying that the burden had been passed onto the customers and it therefore held that the claim was barred by unjust enrichment. It further held that a Chartered Accountant’s certificate stating that the burden was not passed on to the customers was an inadequate argument.

CCE v. Peptech Constructions (2015) 38 STR 639 (Tri.-Del.)

Service of Notice / Order

127. The Court held that communication by speed post was not covered as a mode of service under the Central Excise Act, 1944 prior to amendment with effect from 10-5-2013 and therefore such service was not binding on the assessee and that the proof of services was mandatory for reckoning the period of limitation.

Premier Garment Processing v. CESTAT – (2015) 39 STR 812 (Mad.)

Show Cause Notice

128. The Tribunal held that where no specific classification of taxable service was made in the show cause notice and the assessee provided various services, no demand of service tax could be made as classification of taxable service was required to be specified while demand service tax.

Bombay Intelligence Security (India) Ltd. v. CST – (2015) 40 STR 158 (Tri. – Mum.)

Miscellaneous

129. The Tribunal held that the taxable event for the levy of service tax is the date of rendition of service and therefore the rate prevalent at the time of provision of service would be the applicable rate irrespective of the rate prevalent at the time of receipt of payment.

CST v. Bagai Construction – 2015-TIOL-2086-CESTAT-Del.

130. The Tribunal held that where the assessee, engaged in carrying out seismic surveys for ONGC did not pay service tax on the services rendered by it as it was beyond the designated areas of the Continental Shelf and Exclusive Economic Zone based on Notification 1 / 2002 which was prevalent at the time of providing services, it could not be made liable to service tax based on Notification No. 21 / 2009 wherein the areas in which it provided services were notified as designated areas as the amendment was a subsequent amendment not being beneficial and therefore could not be held to be retrospective in nature.

CGG Veritas Services Ltd. v. CCE – (2015) 38 STR 1139 (Tri. – Mum.)

131. The Tribunal held that services rendered by a branch to its Head Office could not be considered as taxable service and therefore not liable to service tax.

CCE v. Manugraph India Ltd. – (2015) 38 STR 648 (Tri.-Mumbai)

132. The Tribunal held that were the assessee started paying service tax on the works contract services under the composition scheme and had disclosed the amount of tax paid in its returns but failed to make a specific declaration under Rule 3 of the Works Contract Composition Rules, the substantial benefit could not be denied merely due to procedural deficiency in delay in option for the scheme considering the fact that no format for making the declaration or the authority to whom declaration was to be made was prescribed and that the assessee made adequate disclosures in its return.

ABL Infrastructure Pvt. Ltd. v. CCE – (2015) 38 STR 1185 (Tri. – Mum.)

133. The Tribunal held that the charges imposed by the foreign bank on the assessee’s Indian bank for the purpose of making remittances from the assessee’s overseas customers could not be charged under section 66A fo the Act since the foreign bank did not charge the assessee directly but had charged the Indian bank who had recovered the amount from the assessee.

Greenply Industries Ltd. v. CCE (2015) 38 STR 605 (Tri.-Delhi)

134. The Court held that service providers have the right to claim service tax from its customers as nothing in the law provides that the service provider cannot quote a rate which was inclusive of service tax. It observed that the assessee, a contractor quoted its rate knowing fully that it would have to bear the service tax liability and therefore after having paid such service tax could not claim that such liability was to be paid by the customer.

Oil & Natural Gas Corporation Ltd. v. Swapan Kumar Paul – (2015) 39 STR 789 (Tripura)

135. The Court held that since the assessee had obtained due approval from the Approval Committee of the SEZ for list of services for which it claimed exemption as per the relevant Notification which provided ample safeguards to avoid evasion of tax, the denial of authorisation in Form A2 for availing exemption by the Department on the ground of possible tax evasion was not justified.

Sai Wardha Power Co. Ltd. v. UOI – (2015) 39 STR 952 (Bom.)

136. The Tribunal held that merely because the assessee adjusted advance payment of service tax against the subsequent period’s liability without giving intimation to the Superintendent, the adjustment could not be disallowed as it would lead to the unjust enrichment of the Government and also noted the fact that the intimation of adjustment had been made in the ST-3 returns.

Garima Associates v. CC&CE – (2015) 40 STR 247 (Tri. – Mum.)

137. The Tribunal held that marketing services provided by the assessee to a Bank using their publicity material could not be regarded as services provided under the brand name of the Bank. It noted that the assessee was not paying some amount to the Bank for the use of the trade mark but in fact, the Bank was making payments to the assessee for providing the marketing services. Accordingly, it held that the benefit of small scale service provider exemption was available to the assessee.

CCE v. AS Financial – (2015) 60 taxmann.com 203

138. The Tribunal held that the CBEC circular requiring declaration by GTA on consignment note that notification conditions are fulfilled was beyond the requirement of the exemption notification and that CBEC circulars could not restrict or expand the amplitude of an exemption notification nor could they add/subtract conditionsreto/therefrom.

CCE v. Sangam Structural Ltd. – (2015) 39 STR 1034 (Tri.-Del.)